Ion enhancement
A method and apparatus for treating a body of water to kill microorganisms by enhancing the concentration metal ions therein. The apparatus comprising a dispenser with a first housing having a water accessible compartment containing a source of a N-halohydantoin compound for releasing the N-halohydantoin compound when contacted by the body of water with the at least one N-halohydantoin having the formula: wherein R and R1 each independently comprises an alkyl group, and wherein X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine and hydrogen and a second housing having a water accessible compartment containing an insoluble metal ion donor for releasing metal ions when contacted by the body of water containing the N-halohydantoin.
1. A method of controlling free chlorine concentration in a body of water using a solid source of chlorine, the method comprising using a dispenser for killing microorganisms in the body of water by placing the dispenser in aqueous communication with the body of water to provide therein an average level of free chlorine ranging from 0.52 ppm to 0.79 ppm, the dispenser comprising:
a first housing having a water accessible compartment containing a source of at least one N-halohydantoin compound for releasing the at least one N-halohydantoin compound when contacted by the body of water, wherein the at least one N-halohydantoin compound comprises dichlorodimethylhydantoin (DCDMH), which comprises two chlorine atoms attached to a hydantoin ring, such that the at least one N-halohydantoin has the formula:
wherein R and R1 each independently comprises an alkyl group, and wherein X and Y are each chlorine; and
a second housing having a water accessible compartment containing a metal ion donor for releasing metal ions when contacted by the body of water containing the at least one N-halohydantoin, the metal ion donor comprising solid silver chloride.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the dichlorodimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) comprises 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the dichlorodimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) comprises a combination of 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-Dichloro-5-ethyl-5-methylhydantoin, and monochloro-5-methylhydantoin.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first housing and the second housing are located in the dispenser having a set of openings for ingress and egress of the water into the compartments in the dispenser.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the dichlorodimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) is provided at a mass of about 75-100 grams.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first housing has a set of openings allowing the water to access the water accessible compartment containing the source of the at least one N-halohydantoin compound.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the source of the at least one N-halohydantoin compound is in particle form with particles having a size larger than a size of the openings.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the body of water is a spa, hot tub, or swimming pool.