Fuels and methods of making the same
The present disclosure relates to a method that includes a first treating of a first mixture that includes a carboxylic acid having between 2 and 12 carbon atoms, inclusively, to form a second mixture that includes a ketone having between 2 and 25 carbon atoms, inclusively, and a second treating of at least a first portion of the second mixture to form a first product that includes a paraffin having 8 or more carbon atoms.
1. A method comprising:
reacting a mixture of carboxylic acids to form a first mixture comprising ketones;
separating the first mixture to form a second mixture comprising ketones having eight or more carbon atoms and a third mixture comprising ketones having less than eight carbon atoms; and
a first treating of at least a portion of the second of the second mixture to form a first product comprising a paraffin having 11 carbon atoms, wherein:
the reacting comprises
R 1 comprises between 1 and 11 carbon atoms, inclusively, and
R 2 comprises between 1 and 11 carbon atoms, inclusively.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the carboxylic acids in the mixture of carboxylic acids have between 2 and 8 carbon atoms, inclusively.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ketones in the first mixture have between 3 and 15 carbon atoms, inclusively.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first treating results in the deoxygenation of at least a portion of the ketones having eight or more carbon atoms to form the paraffin.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first product comprises a plurality of paraffins, and
each paraffin has between 8 and 15 carbon atoms, inclusively.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of paraffins comprise normal paraffins.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first mixture is bioderived as determined by ASTM-D6866.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second treating of the third mixture to form a fourth mixture comprising an intermediate, wherein:
the second treating comprises the reaction
resulting in the forming of the intermediate and water,
R 1 comprises between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, inclusively,
R 2 comprises between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, inclusively,
R 3 comprises between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, inclusively,
R 4 comprises between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, inclusively, and
the intermediate has a form comprising at least one of a linear molecule, a branched molecule, or a cyclic molecule.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising a third treating of at least a portion of the fourth mixture to form a second product comprising a paraffin having 10 or more carbon atoms.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the paraffin of the second product comprises a branched paraffin.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the third treating results in the deoxygenation of at least a portion of the intermediate to form the paraffin of the second product.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising mixing at least a portion of the first product with at least a portion of the second product to form a blended product.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising co-feeding at least a portion of at least one of the second mixture or the fourth mixture with at least one of a fat, an oil, or a grease to a deoxygenation step.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the deoxygenation step is performed by at least one of the first treating or the third treating.