Boost pressure control for electrically assisted turbochargers
An example engine system is disclosed. The engine system may control a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine, and more particularly control a boost pressure provided by a turbocharger to an internal combustion engine. An example method for controlling a boost pressure provided by a turbocharger may include receiving a boost pressure demand and identifying a compressor speed demand to achieve the received boost pressure demand. The method may also include converting the compressor speed demand into a kinetic energy demand of the turbocharger rotating components and controlling the kinetic energy of the turbocharger rotating components to meet the kinetic energy demand by controlling power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist.
1. A method for controlling a boost pressure provided by a turbocharger, wherein the turbocharger includes turbocharger rotating components including a turbocharger shaft, a compressor for providing the boost pressure, and a turbine for driving the compressor through the turbocharger shaft, the turbocharger further including an electric motor assist for assisting in driving the compressor through the turbocharger shaft, and one or more actuators for controlling the boost pressure provided by the turbocharger, wherein during operation, the turbine and the electric motor assist are each capable of supplying power to the turbocharger shaft, and the compressor absorbs power to provide the boost pressure, the method comprising:
receiving a boost pressure demand;
identifying a compressor speed demand to achieve the received boost pressure demand;
converting the compressor speed demand into a kinetic energy demand of the turbocharger rotating components; and
controlling the kinetic energy of the turbocharger rotating components to meet the kinetic energy demand by controlling power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist comprises using multivariable control with power constraints.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand comprises controlling one or more actuators of the turbocharger.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand comprises controlling an electric power that is delivered to the electric motor assist.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist comprises controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the power supplied by the electric motor assist to collectively meet the kinetic energy demand.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist comprises optimally splitting the power demand between the power supplied by the turbine and the power supplied by the electric motor assist based on one or more conditions.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more conditions comprise one or more of:
one or more defined limits on the power that can currently be supplied by the turbine and/or the electric motor assist;
one or more defined over-rides; and
one or more defined power preferences.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand comprises controlling a waste gate actuator of the turbine.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the total power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist follows the kinetic energy demand.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the power supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand comprises:
track an error between the turbocharger kinetic energy demand and the actual kinetic energy of the turbocharger rotating components;
provide one or more feedback signals based on the tracking error;
provide one or more feedforward signals that represent the expected power required to compress the air;
sum the feedback and the feedforward terms to get the total demand of power to be applied on turbocharger shaft to control the kinetic energy;
split the total power demand between the demands for turbine power and motor power so that the applicable constraints are satisfied and optimum with respect to a relevant cost function is achieved;
apply the control signals to control the power supplied by the turbine and the power supplied by the electric motor assist to meet their respective individual power demands.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the turbine is a variable geometry turbine with a vane actuator for controlling a position of one or more vanes of the variable geometry turbine, and wherein the control signals comprise:
a vane control signal to control the vane actuator; and
an electric power signal that controls the torque delivered by the electric motor assist.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the turbine comprises a waste-gate that controls a flow path that bypasses the turbine, and wherein the control signals comprise:
a waste-gate signal to control an opening degree of the waste-gate; and
an electric power signal that controls the torque delivered by the electric motor assist.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein generating the control signals comprises a non-linear transformation that transforms the preferred power supplied by the turbine to the waste-gate signal and transforms the preferred power supplied by the electric motor assist to the electric power signal.
14. A non-transient computer readable medium storing program instructions that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to control a boost pressure provided by a turbocharger, wherein the turbocharger includes a compressor for providing the boost pressure, a turbine for driving the compressor through a turbocharger shaft, and an electric motor assist for assisting in driving the compressor through the turbocharger shaft, and one or more actuators for controlling the boost pressure provided by the turbocharger, wherein during operation, the turbine and the electric motor assist each capable of supplying power to the turbocharger shaft, and the compressor absorbs power to provide the boost pressure, the program instructions cause the processor to:
receive a boost pressure demand;
identify a compressor speed demand to achieve the received boost pressure demand;
convert the compressor speed demand into a kinetic energy demand for the turbine and the electric motor assist; and
control a kinetic energy supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand.
15. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the program instructions cause the processor to identify the compressor speed demand to achieve the received boost pressure demand using a predefined compressor map.
16. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the program instructions cause the processor to control the kinetic energy supplied by the turbine and the kinetic energy supplied by the electric motor assist using an optimal multivariable control with constraints.
17. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the program instructions cause the processor to:
receive a signal that is representative of an actual boost pressure provided by the turbocharger;
determine a power correction term based at least in part on the signal that is representative of the actual boost pressure provided by the turbocharger; and
use the power correction term in controlling the kinetic energy supplied by the turbine and the electric motor assist to meet the kinetic energy demand.
18. The non-transient computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the program instructions cause the processor to determine the power correction term using a Kalman filter.