Expanding field-of-view in direct projection augmented reality and virtual reality systems

1. A projection assembly comprising:

a waveguide outside of a field of view (FOV) of an eye, the waveguide configured to expand in-coupled image light in at least one dimension and outcouple the expanded image light; and

an integrated optical element comprising a plurality of surfaces designed for a projected FOV that is larger than the FOV of the eye, the integrated optical element at least partially inside the FOV of the eye, and the integrated optical element is configured to:

direct ambient light from a local area to propagate substantially parallel to an axis into an eye-box that covers the projected FOV, and

while directing the ambient light from the local area, reflect the expanded image light from each of the plurality of surfaces to generate a version of the expanded image light covering the projected FOV and propagating substantially parallel to the axis into the eye-box.

2. The projection assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a focusing element outside of the FOV of the eye and coupled to the waveguide, the focusing element configured to:

receive the expanded image light from the waveguide,

optically correct the expanded image light, and

direct the optically corrected expanded image light to the integrated optical element.

3. The projection assembly of claim 2 , wherein the focusing element includes a variable power optical element configured to adjust an optical power of the expanded image light.

4. The projection assembly of claim 3 , wherein the variable power optical element comprises a liquid crystal lens.

5. The projection assembly of claim 3 , wherein the variable power optical element comprises a lens including a liquid media and having at least one actively controlled deformable surface.

6. The projection assembly of claim 2 , wherein the focusing element is between the waveguide and the integrated optical element at an adjustable distance from the waveguide.

7. The projection assembly of claim 6 , further comprising a controller coupled to at least one of the focusing element and the waveguide, the controller configured to:

obtain information about an accommodation plane; and

adjust the distance to change an effective optical power of the focusing element by instructing the focusing element or the waveguide to move, based on the information about the accommodation plane.

8. The projection assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a source assembly configured to emit the image light in-coupled by the waveguide, the source assembly selected from a group consisting of a one-dimensional array of micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror, a two-dimensional array of μLEDs, a one-dimensional array of lasers with a scanning MEMS mirror, and a two-dimensional scanning laser.

9. The projection assembly of claim 1 , wherein:

the integrated optical element includes a first partially reflective optical surface and a second partially reflective optical surface of the plurality of surfaces and there is an air gap between the first partially reflective optical surface and the second partially reflective optical surface;

the first partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light at a first incident angle larger than a threshold angle such that the first partially reflective surface reflects the expanded image light toward the second partially reflective surface; and

the second partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light reflected from the first partially reflective surface at a second incident angle smaller than the threshold angle such that the second partially reflective surface directs the expanded image light to the eye-box.

10. The projection assembly of claim 9 , wherein the first partially reflective optical surface and the second partially reflective optical surface are coated to reflect the expanded image light and to propagate the ambient light from the local area.

11. The projection assembly of claim 1 , wherein:

the integrated optical element is a single monolithic optical element that includes a first partially reflective optical surface and a second partially reflective optical surface of the plurality of surfaces;

the first partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light at a first incident angle larger than a threshold angle such that the first partially reflective surface reflects the expanded image light toward the second partially reflective surface; and

the second partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light reflected from the first partially reflective surface at a second incident angle smaller than the threshold angle such that the second partially reflective surface directs the expanded image light to the eye-box.

12. The projection assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an eye tracker configured to determine a position of the eye in the eye-box.

13. The projection assembly of claim 12 , wherein the eye tracker comprises:

one or more light emitters positioned outside of the FOV of the eye and coupled to the integrated optical element, the one or more light emitters configured to emit one or more optical beams;

an imaging device positioned outside of the FOV of the eye, the imaging device configured to capture an image of the eye illuminated with the one or more optical beams; and

a controller coupled to the imaging device, the controller configured to:

determine the position of the eye based on the captured image, and

adjust the expanded image light emitted from the projection assembly based on the determined position of the eye.

14. The projection assembly of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to adjust focus of the expanded image light based on the determined position of the eye.

15. The projection assembly of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to adjust resolution of the expanded image light based on the determined position of the eye.

16. A projection assembly comprising:

a waveguide outside of a field of view (FOV) of an eye, the waveguide configured to expand in-coupled image light in at least one dimension and outcouple the expanded image light; and

an integrated optical element comprising a plurality of surfaces designed for a projected FOV that is larger than the FOV of the eye, the integrated optical element at least partially inside the FOV of the eye, and the integrated optical element is configured to:

block ambient light coming from a local area substantially parallel to an axis and received at the integrated optical element from further propagating toward an eye-box that covers the projected FOV, and

while blocking the ambient light from further propagating toward the eye-box, reflect the expanded image light from each of the plurality of surfaces to generate a version of the expanded image light covering the projected FOV and propagating substantially parallel to the axis toward the eye-box.

17. The projection assembly of claim 16 , further comprising a focusing element outside of the FOV of the eye between the waveguide and the integrated optical element at an adjustable distance from the waveguide, the focusing element configured to:

receive the expanded image light from the waveguide,

optically correct the expanded image light, and

direct the optically corrected expanded image light to the integrated optical element.

18. The projection assembly of claim 17 , further comprising a controller coupled to at least one of the focusing element and the waveguide, the controller configured to:

obtain information about an accommodation plane; and

adjust the distance to change an effective optical power of the focusing element by instructing the focusing element or the waveguide to move, based on the information about the accommodation plane.

19. The projection assembly of claim 16 , wherein:

the integrated optical element includes a first partially reflective optical surface and a second partially reflective optical surface of the plurality of surfaces and there is an air gap between the first partially reflective optical surface and the second partially reflective optical surface;

the first partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light at a first incident angle larger than a threshold angle such that the first partially reflective surface reflects the expanded image light toward the second partially reflective surface; and

the second partially reflective surface receives the expanded image light reflected from the first partially reflective surface at a second incident angle smaller than the threshold angle such that the second partially reflective surface directs the expanded image light to the eye-box.

20. The projection assembly of claim 16 , further comprising an eye tracker configured to determine a position of the eye in the eye-box, the eye tracker comprises:

one or more light emitters positioned outside of the FOV of the eye and coupled to the integrated optical element, the one or more light emitters configured to emit one or more optical beams;

an imaging device positioned outside of the FOV of the eye, the imaging device configured to capture an image of the eye illuminated with the one or more optical beams; and

a controller coupled to the imaging device, the controller configured to:

determine the position of the eye based on the captured image, and

adjust the expanded image light emitted from the projection assembly based on the determined position of the eye.