Systems and methods for capacitive sensing with secondary electrodes exposed to electric fields from a primary electrode

1. A sensor system for a vehicle steering wheel, comprising:

a first electrode on the vehicle steering wheel;

a connected circuit between the first electrode and a controller, wherein the

controller is electrically and physically coupled to the first electrode via wiring to the connected circuit, the controller having a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer executable instructions for execution by the processor, the computer executable instructions causing the processor to send electrical signals to the first electrode and generate an electrical field at the first electrode,

wherein the first electrode also sends a respective electrical signal back to the controller via the connected circuit;

a second electrode on the vehicle steering wheel, at least a portion of the second electrode being disposed within the electrical field generated by the first electrode, the second electrode being physically decoupled from the controller,

wherein the electrical field generated by the first electrode induces a corresponding charge on the second electrode, and proximity of a conductive material to the first electrode or second electrode alters the respective electrical signal received by the controller from the first electrode;

wherein the controller transmits a first electrical input to the first electrode that generates heat on the steering wheel, and the controller transmits a second electrical input to the first electrode that induces the corresponding charge on the second electrode, wherein the first and second electrical inputs are time multiplexed, and

wherein the electrical signals, transmitted from the controller to the first electrode and generating the electric field, set a baseline signal for comparing to the respective electrical signal received by the controller back from the first electrode.

2. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the second electrode is in a position that is spaced apart from and extends alongside at least a corresponding portion of the first electrode.

3. The sensor system of claim 2 , wherein entireties of both the second electrode and the first electrode are spaced apart from each other.

4. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is disposed on a first substrate, and the second electrode is disposed on a second substrate, the first substrate being spaced apart from the second substrate.

5. The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein in an x-y-z coordinate system, the first substrate and the second substrate overlap at a plurality of x-axis and y-axis coordinates and are spaced apart along a z-axis, the system further comprising an adhesive extending between overlapping regions of the first substrate and the second substrate.

6. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is disposed on a first side of a substrate and the second electrode is disposed on a second side of the substrate, wherein the first and second sides are opposite and spaced apart from each other.

7. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein an outer perimeter of the second electrode is within and spaced apart from a respective perimeter of the first electrode.

8. The sensor system of claim 1 , further comprising a third electrode disposed between a steering wheel frame and the first and second electrodes as a pair, the third electrode being physically and electrically coupled to the controller, and the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to transmit a third electrical output to the third electrode that shields the first electrical input and the second electrical input on the first electrode from the frame of the steering wheel.

9. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode has a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion being physically coupled to the controller and the second end portion being spaced apart from the first end portion, and a respective end portion of the second electrode is disposed adjacent the second end portion of the first electrode within the electric field of the second end portion of the first electrode.

10. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein an adhesive layer is disposed between at least a portion of the first electrode and the second electrode.

11. The sensor system of claim 10 , wherein the adhesive layer is non-conductive.

12. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first and/or second electrode is disposed adjacent a rim portion of a steering wheel frame.

13. The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrodes are disposed adjacent a seat frame in a vehicle.

14. A sensor system, comprising:

a primary electrode positioned within an accessible object;

a controller comprising a charging source that charges the primary electrode, wherein, upon the charging, the controller is configured to receive an electrical signal back from the primary electrode;

a connected circuit between the first electrode and the controller, wherein the controller receives the electrical signal back from the primary electrode via the connected circuit;

a floating electrode that is mechanically disconnected from outside charging sources, wherein at least a portion of the floating electrode is aligned with the primary electrode within the accessible object such that upon the charging of the primary electrode, the floating electrode exhibits an induced current thereon;

wherein, proximity of a conductive material to either the primary electrode or the floating electrode induces capacitive coupling between the conductive material and the respective primary or floating electrode that alters the electrical signal received by the controller from the primary electrode; and

wherein the controller is configured to track a response of the electrical signal to the capacitive coupling;

wherein the primary electrode is a heating element and the floating electrode is a capacitive sensing element;

wherein the controller uses the electrical signal to identify changes in an electrical field strength about the primary electrode due to the proximity of the conductive material;

wherein changes in a corresponding electrical field strength about the floating electrode cause a detectable change in an electrical field strength about the primary electrode; and

wherein the portion of the floating electrode aligned with the primary electrode is also spaced apart from the primary electrode, such that when the conductive material is proximate the aligned portion of the floating electrode, the capacitive coupling changes a baseline capacitance at the aligned portion present upon charging the primary electrode.

15. A sensor system for a vehicle steering wheel, comprising:

a first electrode on the vehicle steering wheel;

a controller electrically and physically coupled to the first electrode, the controller having a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer executable instructions for execution by the processor, the computer executable instructions causing the processor to receive an electrical signal from the first electrode;

a second electrode on the vehicle steering wheel, at least a portion of the second electrode being disposed within an electrical field generated by the first electrode, the second electrode being physically decoupled from the controller,

wherein the electrical field generated by the first electrode induces a corresponding charge on the second electrode, and proximity of a conductive material to the first or second electrode alters the electrical signal received by the controller from the first electrode;

wherein the controller transmits a first electrical input to the first electrode that generates heat on the steering wheel, and the controller transmits a second electrical input to the first electrode that induces a corresponding charge on the second electrode, wherein the first and second electrical inputs are time multiplexed;

and

a third electrode disposed between a steering wheel frame and the first and second electrodes as a pair, the third electrode being physically and electrically coupled to the controller, and the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to transmit a third electrical output to the third electrode that shields the first electrical input and the second electrical input on the first electrode from the frame of the steering wheel.