Resistive liquid metal level sensing in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jetting system
An implementation of the present teachings includes a resistor structure for measuring a level of a print material such as a liquid metal print material within a reservoir of a printer such as a magnetohydrodynamic printer. The resistor structure includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are physically and electrically separated from each other. When positioned within the reservoir, the liquid metal physically contacts the first electrode and the second electrode. An electrical resistance between the first and second electrodes changes depending on the level of the print material within the reservoir. As the level of the print material decreases, the electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode increases. The electrical resistance can be measured and used to determine a level of the print material within the reservoir.
1. A printer, comprising:
a block that at least partially defines a reservoir for a print material;
a first electrode positioned within the reservoir;
a second electrode physically spaced from the first electrode by a gap; and
an instrument for measuring an electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode when the print material is positioned within the reservoir, wherein the first electrode defines at least a portion of a hollow center of an electrode subassembly;
a printer component positioned within the reservoir, wherein the printer component comprises an interior sidewall that defines, at least in part, an inner vessel; an exterior sidewall opposite the interior sidewall; a first surface intersecting the interior sidewall and the exterior sidewall; a second surface opposite the first surface and intersecting the interior sidewall and the exterior sidewall; and a flow path configured for a flow of a print fluid from the inner vessel to an exterior of the printer component, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned exterior to the inner vessel defined by the printer component.
2. The printer of claim 1 , further comprising the print material within the reservoir, wherein the print material is a liquid metal.
3. The printer of claim 1 , wherein both the first electrode and the second electrode, at least in part, define the hollow center of the electrode subassembly.
4. The printer of claim 3 , wherein:
the first electrode and the second electrode together define, at least in part, a cylinder; and
the hollow center is positioned at a cross section of the cylinder.
5. The printer of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each comprise a material comprising a graphite material, a ceramic material, or a graphite-ceramic composite material.
6. The printer of claim 1 , wherein:
the instrument is an ohmmeter;
the first electrode is electrically coupled to the ohmmeter with a first lead; and
the second electrode is electrically coupled to the ohmmeter with a second lead.
7. The printer of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first face defined by the first electrode; and
a second face defined by the second electrode, wherein the first face and the second face are adjacent to, and facing, each other and are separated by the gap.
8. The printer of claim 7 , further comprising a liquid metal within the reservoir, wherein the liquid metal electrically contacts the first face and the second face.
9. The printer of claim 1 , wherein the printer component further comprises one or more slots that extend from the interior sidewall to the exterior sidewall proximate a first end of the printer component, wherein the printer component is configured such that the flow path is through the one or more slots.
10. The printer of claim 1 , wherein the printer component, in plan view, comprises a circular shape.
11. The printer of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned exterior to the inner vessel defined by the printer component.
12. The printer of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is a sidewall of the reservoir.