Process oil for rubber compounding
Process oils comprising distiller's corn oil are incorporated into rubber compositions useful for manufacturing tires or various tire components including tire sub-treads.
1. A rubber composition comprising:
an elastomer; and
a process oil comprising distiller's corn oil having a free fatty acid content greater than 20% w/w of the total distiller's corn oil and a fatty acid alkyl ester content less than 16% w/w of the total distiller's corn oil.
2. The rubber composition of claim 1 , comprising about 2 to about 70 parts distiller's corn oil per hundred rubber (PHR).
3. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the elastomer is styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), a component of natural rubber, polybutadiene or mixtures thereof.
4. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is post distillation distiller's corn oil.
5. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is processed during fermentation to decrease fatty acid alkyl ester content.
6. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is exposed to heat in the presence of water.
7. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is exposed to one or more enzymes in the presence of water.
8. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the distiller's corn oil is exposed to acid in the presence of water to increase free fatty acid content.
9. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is the separation product of a post-fermentation emulsion exposed to a pH of less than 8 to increase the free fatty acid content in the distiller's corn oil.
10. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is exposed to a caustic to saponify the distiller's corn oil, then exposed to an acid to generate free fatty acid.
11. The rubber composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of:
one or more fillers; one or more activators; one or more antioxidants; one or more curatives; and one or more accelerators.
12. The rubber composition of claim 1 , comprising: between 20 PHR and 100 PHR filler; between 1 PHR and 10 PHR activator; between 0.1 PHR and 5 PHR antioxidant; between 0.1 and 2.0 PHR curative; and between 0.1 and 3.0 PHR accelerator.
13. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is post fermentation distiller's corn oil.
14. The rubber composition of claim 13 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is post fermentation distiller's corn oil processed to decrease fatty acid alkyl ester content.
15. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil includes added free fatty acid.
16. The rubber composition of claim 15 , wherein the free fatty acid is stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
17. The rubber composition of claim 1 , wherein the distiller's corn oil has been processed to reduce fatty acid alkyl ester.
18. The rubber composition of claim 17 , wherein the distiller's corn oil is a first fraction obtained by a separation operation to produce the first fraction having relatively low fatty acid alkyl ester and a second fraction having relatively high fatty acid alkyl ester.
19. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the first fraction includes free fatty acid added after the first fraction separated from the distiller's corn oil.
20. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the first fraction has been treated with an enzyme to increase free fatty acid content after the first fraction has been separated from the distiller's corn oil.
21. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the separation operation includes a distillation operation.
22. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the separation operation includes a short path evaporator.
23. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the separation operation includes (i) adjusting the temperature of the distiller's corn oil and (ii) filtering or centrifuging the distiller's corn oil.
24. The rubber composition of claim 18 , wherein the separation operation includes neutralizing the distiller's corn oil and filtering or centrifuging it.