Activated aluminum fuel
Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications.
1. A kit of material comprising:
at least one cold worked aluminum object having a surface defining a volume, the surface including an aluminum oxide layer, and the at least one cold worked aluminum object including a plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy having misaligned grains defining grain boundaries;
a container heatable to a temperature not more than about 200° C.; and
a eutectic alloy including indium and gallium, the eutectic alloy disposed in the container and separate from the at least one cold worked aluminum object,
wherein,
within the container, the eutectic alloy is introducible into the grain boundaries of the plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy, via disruptions in the aluminum oxide layer of the surface of the at least one cold worked aluminum object, with the eutectic alloy concentrated along the grain boundaries of the plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy to form activated aluminum, and
the at least one cold worked aluminum object and the eutectic alloy are in relative amounts combinable to form the activated aluminum having greater than zero percent and less than about 3 percent of the eutectic alloy by mass and reactive with water to yield greater than about 80 percent and less than about 95 percent of a theoretical yield of hydrogen.
2. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object has a dimension less than 10 mm.
3. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object is a wire.
4. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object includes a plurality of discrete bodies.
5. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein each discrete body is at least one of a sphere, a bar, a prism, a thin plate, a cylinder.
6. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy is at least 87 percent aluminum by mass.
7. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the eutectic alloy is combinable with the at least one cold worked aluminum object in the container via heat applied to the container.
8. The kit of material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object includes directional grains.
9. The kit of material of claim 8 , wherein the eutectic alloy is about 20 percent by mass indium and about 80 percent by mass gallium.
10. The kit of material of claim 9 , wherein the eutectic alloy further includes tin.
11. A kit of material comprising:
at least one cold worked aluminum object including a plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy; and
a gallium-containing eutectic alloy, the gallium-containing eutectic alloy separate from the at least one cold worked aluminum object, the at least one cold worked aluminum object and the gallium-containing eutectic alloy in relative amounts combinable to form activated aluminum with greater than zero percent and less than 4 percent of the eutectic alloy by mass.
12. The kit of material of claim 11 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object has a dimension less than 10 mm.
13. The kit of material of claim 11 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object is a wire.
14. The kit of material of claim 13 , wherein the wire is spooled.
15. The kit of material of claim 11 , wherein the at least one cold worked aluminum object includes a plurality of discrete bodies.
16. The kit of material of claim 15 , wherein each discrete body is at least one of a sphere, a bar, a prism, a thin plate, a cylinder.
17. The kit of material of claim 11 , wherein the plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy is at least 87 percent aluminum by mass.
18. The kit of material of claim 17 , the plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy is 7075 aluminum alloy.