Lithium-ion battery and electrical apparatus including the same

1. A lithium ion battery, comprising:

an electrode assembly; and

an electrolytic solution configured to infiltrate the electrode assembly,

wherein:

the electrode assembly comprises an electrode body, a positive electrode tab, and a negative electrode tab, and

the electrode body comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, which are wound together around an axis, wherein the positive electrode plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive electrode material layer provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode plate is connected to the positive electrode tab, and the negative electrode plate is connected to the negative electrode tab, and

in an axial direction (X), the electrode body has two opposite side portions, and the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab extend from the two side portions of the electrode body, respectively, and

the electrolytic solution comprises an additive A, and the additive A contains at least one of a phosphate compound containing unsaturation, a cyclic compound containing —SO 2 —, and an cyclic siloxane compound containing unsaturation, and

a diffusion rate v of the electrolytic solution in the electrode body is in a range of 0.01 μg/s to 5 μg/s, and

the diffusion rate v satisfies: v=γ×H/L, in which γ is an electrolytic solution absorption rate of the positive electrode plate, in unit of μg/s; and

H is a maximum length of the side portion in the width direction (Z) of the electrode body, in unit of mm; and

L is a length of the electrode body in the axial direction (X), in unit of mm; and

the H and L satisfy: 0.05≤H/L≤0.8; and

the electrolytic solution absorption rate γ of the positive electrode plate is in a range of 0.15 μg/s to 7.25 μg/s.

2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the diffusion rate v of the electrolytic solution in the electrode body is in a range of 0.2 μg/s to 2 μg/s.

3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the axial direction (X) of the electrode body is horizontal direction.

4. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein a mass percentage w (%) of the additive A in the electrolytic solution and the diffusion rate v (μg/s) satisfy: 0.1≤w×v≤10.

5. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphate compound containing unsaturation is at least one of compounds represented by Formula (1):

wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 halogenated alkyl, C2-C6 halogenated alkenyl, C2-C6 halogenated alkynyl, C6-C10 aryl, and C6-C10 halogenated aryl, and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 contains a double bond or a triple bond.

6. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic compound containing —SO 2 — is at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (2) to Formula (5):

wherein:

R 4 is selected from a group consisting of C1-C4 alkylene, C1-C4 fluorinated alkylene, C2-C4 alkenylene, C2-C4 fluorinated alkenylene, C6-C14 arylene, and C6-C10 fluorinated arylene; and

R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 halogenated alkyl, C2-C6 halogenated alkenyl, C2-C6 halogenated alkynyl, C6-C10 aryl, and C6-C10 halogenated aryl; and

R 17 and R 18 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkylene, C1-C4 fluoroalkylene, C2-C4 alkenylene, C2-C4 fluoroalkenylene, C6-C14 arylene, and C6-C10 fluoroarylene; and

n is 1, 2 or 3.

7. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic siloxane compound containing unsaturation is at least one of compounds represented by Formula (6):

wherein in formula (6), R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, and at least one of R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 contains a double bond or a triple bond, and the substituent, if present, is halogen.

8. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive A is selected from at least one of 1,3-propane sultone, propene sultone, methylene methanedisulfonate, triallyl phosphate, and tetramethyltetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane.

9. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic solution has a viscosity of 0.5 mPa·s to 5.0 mPa·s at 25±3° C., and/or,

the electrolytic solution has a viscosity of 1 mPa·s to 6.0 mPa·s at 0° C.

10. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic solution comprises a low viscous solvent, and the low viscous solvent has a viscosity of at most 0.65 mPa·s at 25±3° C.

11. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic solution further comprise a wetting agent, wherein the wetting agent is selected from at least one of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethyl ether, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether.

12. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode material layer has a porosity of 10% to 50%.

13. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode material layer has a specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 /g to 1.5 m 2 /g.

14. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode material layer has a grain orientation OI value of 5 to 120.

15. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode material layer contains a positive active material, and the positive active material comprises at least one of the compounds represented by General Formula (I) to General Formula (III),

Li 1+x Ni a Co b M 1-a-b O 2-y A y   General Formula (I)

Li 1+x′ Ni a′ M′ 2-a′ O 4-y′ A y′   General Formula (II)

c [Li 2 MnO 3 ].(1- c )[LiM″ 2 O 2-y″ A″ y″ ]  General Formula (III)

wherein General Formula (I), −0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.5≤a<1, 0.02<b<0.3, 0.55<a+b<1, 0≤y<0.2, M is selected from one or more of Mn, Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, V, Al, Zr, and Ce; A comprises one or more of S, N, F, Cl, Br and I;

in General Formula (II), −0.1≤x′≤0.2, 0.4≤a′<0.6, 0≤y′<0.2, M′ is Mn, or comprises Mn and one or more of Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, V, Al, Zr, Mg, and Ce; A′ comprises one or more of S, N, F, Cl, Br, and I;

in General Formula (III), 0<c<1, 0≤y′<0.2, M″ is Ni, Co and Mn; or Ni, Co, Mn and one or more of Fe, Cr, Ti, Zn, V, Al, Zr and Ce, and A″ comprises one or more of S, N, F, Cl, Br, and I.

16. An electrical apparatus, comprising the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 .

17. The lithium ion battery according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 of the phosphate compound containing unsaturation contains an unsaturated C—C bond at a terminal.

18. The lithium ion battery according to claim 5 , wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 of the phosphate compound containing unsaturation contains an unsaturated C—C bond at all the terminals.

19. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive A is selected from at least one of methylene methanedisulfonate, triallyl phosphate, and tetramethyltetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane.