Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

1. A display apparatus comprising:

a substrate comprising a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area;

a display element arranged on the substrate in the display area;

an encapsulation layer arranged on the display element;

a first insulating layer arranged on the encapsulation layer and comprising a first opening that corresponds to a light-emitting area of the display element; and

a second insulating layer covering the first insulating layer,

wherein a second refractive index of the second insulating layer is greater than a first refractive index of the first insulating layer, and

wherein a side surface of the first insulating layer defining the first opening comprises a staircase-shaped step.

2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first opening of the first insulating layer overlaps the light-emitting area of the display element, and

wherein the second insulating layer fills the first opening.

3. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive layer arranged below the first insulating layer and including sensing electrodes.

4. The display apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a first sub-conductive layer and a second sub-conductive layer, and

wherein a touch insulating layer is arranged between the first sub-conductive layer and the second sub-conductive layer.

5. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display element comprises:

a pixel electrode;

a pixel defining layer covering an edge of the pixel electrode and comprising a second opening that exposes the pixel electrode;

an emission layer arranged in the second opening of the pixel defining layer; and

an opposite electrode covering the emission layer, and

wherein the first insulating layer at least partially overlaps the pixel defining layer.

6. The display apparatus of claim 5 , wherein a first width of the first opening is greater than a second width of the second opening.

7. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first pixel and a second pixel emitting light of different colors,

wherein the first insulating layer comprises a first-first opening corresponding to the first pixel and a first-second opening corresponding to the second pixel,

wherein a first side surface of the first-first opening comprise a step, and a second side surface of the first-second opening does not comprise a step.

8. The display apparatus of claim 7 , wherein a first light-emitting area of the first pixel is greater than a second light-emitting area of the second pixel.

9. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first insulating layer extends to the peripheral area, and

wherein the display apparatus further comprises a protruding dam that protrudes from the first insulating layer in the peripheral area.

10. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an anti-reflection layer comprising a color filter and a black matrix,

wherein the color filter overlaps the light-emitting area, and the black matrix overlaps a non-light-emitting area outside the light-emitting area.

11. A display apparatus comprising:

a substrate comprising a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area;

a display element arranged on the substrate in the display area;

an encapsulation layer arranged on the display element;

a first insulating layer arranged on the encapsulation layer and comprising a first opening that corresponds to a light-emitting area of the display element; and

a second insulating layer covering the first insulating layer,

wherein a second refractive index of the second insulating layer is greater than a first refractive index of the first insulating layer, and

wherein the display apparatus further comprises a protruding dam that protrudes from the first insulating layer in the peripheral area.

12. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the protruding dam is provided integrally with the first insulating layer.

13. The display apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising a partition wall adjacent to the display area in the peripheral area,

wherein the encapsulation layer comprises a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer that are sequentially stacked, and

wherein the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer contact each other at one side of the partition wall.

14. The display apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising an upper dam that is spaced apart from the protruding dam and arranged outside of the protruding dam,

wherein a valley portion provided by removing at least a portion of the first insulating layer is arranged between the protruding dam and the upper dam.

15. The display apparatus of claim 14 , wherein a first thickness of the upper dam is substantially same as a second thickness of the protruding dam.

16. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the protruding dam is provided in plural, and wherein a plurality of protruding dams is spaced apart from each other.

17. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the protruding dam is arranged along an outer periphery of the display area.

18. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the protruding dam includes a plurality of openings or grooves.

19. The display apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising:

a first valley portion between the display area and the protruding dam that is arranged in the peripheral area; and

a second valley portion between the protruding dam and an end of the substrate,

wherein a plurality of first holes penetrating through the first insulating layer is arranged in the first valley portion, and

wherein the second valley portion corresponds to an opening formed by removing the first insulating layer along a periphery of the display area.

20. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein a side surface of the first insulating layer defining the first opening comprises a staircase-shaped step.