Nanostructured electrode for energy storage device
Disclosed herein is electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures. Disclosed herein too is an ultracapacitor comprising at least one electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures.
1. A method for fabricating an electrode, the method comprising:
selecting a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and
disposing carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures;
wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures are electrical conductors configured to reduce intrinsic resistance of the electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the current collector comprises a cover layer disposed on the first surface, and wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures extend through the cover layer.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous energy storage media comprises carbon nanotubes.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous energy storage media comprises a contact layer comprising carbon nanotubes in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface, and wherein the contact layer comprises a compressed layer of carbon nanotubes.
5. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the contact layer comprises an aggregate of carbon nanotubes, wherein the aggregate of carbon nanotubes is a dried aggregate that is substantially free of any liquid.
6. The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures extend through the contact layer.
7. The electrode of claim 4 , further comprising a first overlayer of carbonaceous material disposed on the contact layer.
8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the first overlayer has a thickness in a direction perpendicular the first surface that is greater than a thickness of the contact layer along the same dimension.
9. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the contact layer has a thickness in a direction perpendicular the first surface of less than about 5 μm.
10. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the contact layer has a thickness in a direction perpendicular the first surface of less than about 10 μm.
11. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the first overlayer has a thickness in a direction perpendicular the first surface of in the range of about 10 μm to about 1,000 μm.
12. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the elongated metal carbide structures include structures that comprise magnesium carbide, aluminum carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, vanadium carbide, niobium carbide, tantalum carbide, chromium carbide, molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium-tantalum carbide, nickel-silicon carbide or aluminum-titanium carbide.
13. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein no adhesion or bonding layer is disposed between the contact layer and the first overlayer and wherein the contact layer and the overlayer adhere through Van der Waals bonding between carbonaceous material in each layer.
14. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures comprise nanorods each having a radial thickness of less than 50 nm and a longitudinal length of greater than 500 nm.
15. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the current collector is configured for being disposed in one of a battery and an electrolytic double layer capacitor.
16. A method for fabricating an energy storage device, the method comprising:
selecting at least one electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface, wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures are electrical conductors configured to reduce intrinsic resistance of the electrode; and a carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures; and
disposing the at least one electrode into the energy storage device.
17. The method as in claim 16 , wherein the energy storage device comprises one of a battery and an electrolytic double layer capacitor.
18. The method as in claim 17 , wherein the battery comprises a rechargeable battery.
19. A battery comprising:
an electrode comprising a current collector comprising a conductor layer having at least a first surface; and elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface; and
carbonaceous energy storage media disposed on the first surface and in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures;
wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures are electrical conductors configured to reduce intrinsic resistance of the electrode.
20. The battery as in claim 19 , wherein the battery comprises a rechargeable battery.
21. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the current collector comprises a cover layer disposed on the first surface, and wherein the elongated metal carbide nanostructures extend through the cover layer.
22. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the carbonaceous energy storage media comprises carbon nanotubes.
23. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the carbonaceous energy storage media comprises a contact layer comprising carbon nanotubes in contact with the elongated metal carbide nanostructures extending from the first surface, and wherein the contact layer comprises a compressed layer of carbon nanotubes.