Inline detection of gypsum panel calcination

1. A method of determining a free moisture content and/or a degree of calcination of a gypsum panel comprising a gypsum core, a first sheet of facing material, and a second sheet of facing material wherein the first sheet of facing material and the second sheet of facing material sandwich the gypsum core, the method comprising:

(a) transmitting a microwave beam through at least a first portion of the gypsum panel, such that the microwave beam is a transmitted microwave beam;

(b) receiving the transmitted microwave beam to form a received microwave beam;

(c) determining a phase shift and an attenuation from the received microwave beam;

(d) repeating steps (a) to (c) for at least a second portion of the gypsum panel, such that a plurality of phase shifts and a plurality of attenuations is obtained;

(e) using at least one empirical factor to correct the plurality of attenuations, producing a plurality of corrected attenuations;

(f) calculating a raw moisture content of the gypsum panel from the corrected attenuations wherein the raw moisture content comprises a raw free moisture content and a raw crystal moisture content;

(g) using a calibration factor to correct the plurality of phase shifts, producing a plurality of corrected phase shifts; and

(i) calculating a final moisture content of the gypsum panel wherein the final moisture content comprises a final free moisture content and a final crystal moisture content.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is conducted inline during the process of making the gypsum panel.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the method is conducted after drying the gypsum panel and before packaging the gypsum panel.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is conducted offline from the process of making the gypsum panel.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture content is within 25% of the actual moisture content.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the microwave beam includes only one frequency.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the microwave beam includes at least two frequencies.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the microwave beam includes one or more frequencies within a range of from 10 GHz to 75 GHz.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gypsum panel features an irregularity in a density calculated by comparing one of the plurality of corrected phase shifts to a previous value of the corrected phase shifts, such that the irregularity is detected if one of the plurality of corrected phase shifts differs from the previous value.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the corrected attenuations and the corrected phase shifts are further corrected by removing attenuations and phase shifts produced after the microwave beam passes through an edge of the gypsum panel, such that a first portion of the microwave beam passes through the portion of the gypsum panel and a second portion of the microwave beam substantially does not pass through the portion of the gypsum panel.

11. The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising determining a density of the gypsum panel, wherein the step of determining the density includes detecting a defect in the gypsum panel.

12. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the defect includes the presence of a foreign body inside the gypsum panel.

13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one empirical factor is a plurality of empirical factors comprising the weight of the gypsum panel, the type of the gypsum panel, or a combination thereof.

14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of corrected attenuations is further corrected by removing attenuations produced after the microwave beam passes through at least a portion of the gypsum panel.

15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gypsum panel comprises calcium sulfate dihydrate.

16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises a step of undertaking remedial action after determining the moisture content.