Log-structured storage systems

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:

maintaining, by a storage system, a plurality of storage devices, the plurality of storage devices comprising at least a first tier storage device and a second tier storage device;

receiving a first write request of a first ledger data, wherein the first ledger data comprises one of blockchain transaction data, blockchain block data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data generated by a blockchain network;

determining whether a type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, wherein the blockchain block data comprises at least one block in a blockchain, and the at least one block comprises one or more blockchain transactions and a hash value of a previous block in the blockchain;

in response to determining that the type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, writing the first ledger data into the second tier storage device, wherein the second tier storage device has a larger storage space than the first tier storage device;

receiving a second write request of a second ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, wherein the type of the second ledger data is blockchain transaction data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data;

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device;

receiving a third write request of a third ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data;

in response to determining that the type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining a usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, writing the third ledger data into the second tier storage device.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the first tier storage device has a performance characteristic that is superior to the performance characteristic of the second tier storage device, wherein the performance characteristic comprises one or more of an access speed, an access bandwidth, or an access latency.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device comprises:

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining the usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining the usage level of the first tier storage device; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a first predetermined threshold, decreasing a speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a first rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a first value, and

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a second rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a second value,

wherein the second rate is lower than the first rate and the second value is larger than the first value.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , further comprising:

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below a second predetermined threshold, increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device, wherein the second predetermined threshold is lower than the first predetermined threshold.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6 , wherein increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a third rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a third value, and

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a fourth rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a fourth value,

wherein the fourth rate is higher than the third rate and the fourth value is smaller than the third value.

8. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:

maintaining, by a storage system, a plurality of storage devices, the plurality of storage devices comprising at least a first tier storage device and a second tier storage device;

receiving a first write request of a first ledger data, wherein the first ledger data comprises one of blockchain transaction data, blockchain block data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data generated by a blockchain network;

determining whether a type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, wherein the blockchain block data comprises at least one block in a blockchain, and the at least one block comprises one or more blockchain transactions and a hash value of a previous block in the blockchain;

in response to determining that the type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, writing the first ledger data into the second tier storage device, wherein the second tier storage device has a larger storage space than the first tier storage device;

receiving a second write request of a second ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, wherein the type of the second ledger data is blockchain transaction data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data;

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device;

receiving a third write request of a third ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data, in response to determining that the type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining a usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, writing the third ledger data into the second tier storage device.

9. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein the first tier storage device has a performance characteristic that is superior to the performance characteristic of the second tier storage device, wherein the performance characteristic comprises one or more of an access speed, an access bandwidth, or an access latency.

10. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , wherein in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device comprises:

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining the usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device.

11. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 , the operations further comprising:

determining the usage level of the first tier storage device; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a first predetermined threshold, decreasing a speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device.

12. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 , wherein decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a first rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a first value, and

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a second rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a second value,

wherein the second rate is lower than the first rate and the second value is larger than the first value.

13. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 , the operations further comprising:

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below a second predetermined threshold, increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device, wherein the second predetermined threshold is lower than the first predetermined threshold.

14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13 , wherein increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a third rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a third value, and

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a fourth rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a fourth value,

wherein the fourth rate is higher than the third rate and the fourth value is smaller than the third value.

15. A storage system comprising:

one or more processors; and

one or more computer-readable memories coupled to the one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

maintaining, by the storage system, a plurality of storage devices, the plurality of storage devices comprising at least a first tier storage device and a second tier storage device;

receiving a first write request of a first ledger data, wherein the first ledger data comprises one of blockchain transaction data, blockchain block data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data generated by a blockchain network;

determining whether a type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, wherein the blockchain block data comprises at least one block in a blockchain, and the at least one block comprises one or more blockchain transactions and a hash value of a previous block in the blockchain;

in response to determining that the type of the first ledger data is blockchain block data, writing the first ledger data into the second tier storage device, wherein the second tier storage device has a larger storage space than the first tier storage device;

receiving a second write request of a second ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, wherein the type of the second ledger data is blockchain transaction data, blockchain index data, or blockchain state data; and

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device;

receiving a third write request of a third ledger data generated by the blockchain network;

determining that a type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data, in response to determining that the type of the third ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining a usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, writing the third ledger data into the second tier storage device.

16. The storage system of claim 15 , wherein the first tier storage device has a performance characteristic that is superior to the performance characteristic of the second tier storage device, wherein the performance characteristic comprises one or more of an access speed, an access bandwidth, or an access latency.

17. The storage system of claim 15 , wherein in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device comprises:

in response to determining that the type of the second ledger data is not blockchain block data, determining the usage level of the first tier storage device;

determining whether the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below the predetermined threshold, writing the second ledger data into the first tier storage device.

18. The storage system of claim 15 , the operations further comprising:

determining the usage level of the first tier storage device; and

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device reaches or exceeds a first predetermined threshold, decreasing a speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device.

19. The storage system of claim 18 , wherein decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a first rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a first value, and

decreasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a second rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a second value,

wherein the second rate is lower than the first rate and the second value is larger than the first value.

20. The storage system of claim 18 , the operations further comprising:

in response to determining that the usage level of the first tier storage device is below a second predetermined threshold, increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device, wherein the second predetermined threshold is lower than the first predetermined threshold.

21. The storage system of claim 20 , wherein increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device based on the usage level of the first tier storage device comprises:

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a third rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a third value, and

increasing the speed of writing data into the first tier storage device to a fourth rate when the usage level of the first tier storage device is a fourth value,

wherein the fourth rate is higher than the third rate and the fourth value is smaller than the third value.