Integrated ultrasonic transducers
Described are transducer assemblies and imaging devices comprising: a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) die including a plurality of piezoelectric elements; a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) die electrically coupled to the MEMS die by a first plurality of bumps and including at least one circuit for controlling the plurality of piezoelectric elements; and a package secured to the CMOS die by an adhesive layer and electrically connected to the CMOS die.
1. A transducer assembly, comprising:
a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) die including a plurality of piezoelectric elements;
a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) die electrically coupled to the MEMS die by a first plurality of bumps and including at least one circuit for controlling the plurality of piezoelectric elements; and
a package secured to the CMOS die by an adhesive layer and electrically connected to the CMOS die with the CMOS die interposed between the package and the MEMS die.
2. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements includes:
a substrate;
a membrane disposed on the substrate; and
a stack of layers disposed on at least one of the membrane and substrate and having a bottom electrode, a piezoelectric layer and a top electrode.
3. The transducer assembly of claim 2 , further comprising:
a plurality of electrical wires formed on the MEMS die,
wherein at least one electrical wire of the plurality of electrical wires is in direct contact with the first plurality of bumps.
4. The transducer assembly of claim 2 , further comprising:
a cover layer for covering the substrates of the plurality of piezoelectric elements and formed of an impedance matching material.
5. The transducer assembly of claim 2 , wherein the substrate includes a cavity and a portion of the substrate thinned by the cavity corresponds to the membrane and wherein the stack of layers vibrates the membrane to generate a pressure wave that propagates from the membrane.
6. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive layer is formed of acoustic damping material for absorbing a pressure wave that passes through the adhesive layer.
7. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
an underfill layer disposed between the MEMS die and CMOS die and mechanically securing the MEMS die to the CMOS die.
8. The transducer assembly of claim 7 , wherein the underfill layer is formed of a material that absorbs a pressure wave that passes through the material.
9. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a layer formed of underfill material and disposed between the MEMS die and the CMOS die and securing the MEMS die to the CMOS die,
wherein the underfill material includes acoustic damping material for absorbing a pressure wave that passes through the underfill material.
10. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one wire having one end connected to the CMOS die and another end connected to the package,
wherein the CMOS die electrically communicates with the package via the at least one wire.
11. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a conductor electrically coupled to two or more top electrodes of the plurality of piezoelectric elements,
wherein a bottom electrode of each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements is electrically coupled to one bump of the first plurality of bumps and wherein the conductor is electrically coupled to another bump of the first plurality of bumps.
12. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , wherein a top electrode of two or more of the plurality of piezoelectric elements is electrically coupled to one bump of the first plurality of bumps and a bottom electrode of each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements is electrically coupled to another bump of the first plurality of bumps.
13. The transducer assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a metal layer formed on at least one of the MEMS die and CMOS die and patterned to form one or more electrical connections.
14. An imaging device, comprising:
a transducer assembly, comprising:
a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) die including a plurality of piezoelectric elements;
a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) die electrically coupled to the MEMS die by a first plurality of bumps and including at least one circuit for controlling the plurality of piezoelectric elements; and
a package secured to the CMOS die by an adhesive layer and electrically connected to the CMOS die with the CMOS die interposed between the package and the MEMS die; and
a display for displaying an image based on signals processed by the processor.
15. The imaging device of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements includes:
a substrate;
a membrane disposed on the substrate; and
a stack of layers disposed on at least one of the membrane and substrate and having a bottom electrode, a piezoelectric layer and a top electrode.
16. The imaging device of claim 15 , further comprising:
a cover layer for covering the substrates of the plurality of piezoelectric elements and formed of impedance matching material that increases transmission of a pressure wave generated by the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
17. The imaging device of claim 15 , wherein the substrate includes a cavity and a portion of the substrate thinned by the cavity corresponds to the membrane.
18. The imaging device of claim 14 , wherein the adhesive layer is formed of acoustic damping material for absorbing a pressure wave generated by the plurality of piezoelectric elements.
19. The imaging device of claim 14 , further comprising:
an underfill layer disposed between the MEMS die and CMOS die and mechanically securing the MEMS die to the CMOS die.
20. The imaging device of claim 19 , wherein the underfill layer is formed of a material that absorbs a pressure wave that passes through the material.
21. The imaging device of claim 14 , further comprising:
a layer formed of underfill material and disposed between the MEMS die and the CMOS die and securing the MEMS die to the CMOS die,
wherein the underfill material includes acoustic damping material for absorbing a pressure wave that passes through the underfill material.
22. The imaging device of claim 14 , further comprising:
at least one wire having one end connected to the CMOS die and another end connected to the package,
wherein the CMOS die electrically communicates with the package via the at least one wire.
23. The imaging device of claim 14 , further comprising:
a metal layer formed on at least one of the MEMS die and CMOS die and patterned to form one or more electrical connections.