Thin-walled tube heater for fluid
A tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube has a stainless steel cylindrical core. The core ranges about 3 to 300 mm in length and about 100 to 200 microns in thickness with an outer diameter of about 8 to 20 mm. An inner surface of the core has dimples and a conductive coating. A patterned resistive layer overlies the core in a thickness of about 9 to 15 microns. The resistive layer is thin- or thick-film printed about a circumference of the core. Two glass layers surround the resistive layer. Each glass layer is electrically insulative. The glass underlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK while the glass overlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK.
1. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core;
circumferentially printing a resistive layer on the stainless steel core including electrically insulating the resistive layer with first and second glass layers, one of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK and the other of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK;
dimpling an inner surface of the stainless steel core; and
providing and sealing inside pluralities of balls in an interior of the stainless steel core.
2. The method of claim 1 , further including causing the pluralities of balls to impact an inner surface of the stainless steel core to cause the dimpling.
3. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core;
circumferentially printing a resistive layer on the stainless steel core including electrically insulating the resistive layer with first and second glass layers, one of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK and the other of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK; and
arc-spraying aluminum on an inner surface of the stainless steel core.
4. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core;
circumferentially printing a resistive layer on the stainless steel core including electrically insulating the resistive layer with first and second glass layers, one of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK and the other of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK; and
providing a mesh stencil over the stainless steel core and leveling through the mesh stencil a paste.
5. The method of claim 4 , further including letting fall the paste fall through the mesh stencil.
6. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core;
circumferentially printing a resistive layer on the stainless steel core including electrically insulating the resistive layer with first and second glass layers, one of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK and the other of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK;
letting dry the resistive layer; and
providing the resistive layer on the stainless steel core and heating the resistive layer for about 30 minutes with a peak temperature of the heating unit at about 850° C. for at least 5 minutes.
7. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core; and
circumferentially printing a resistive layer on the stainless steel core including electrically insulating the resistive layer with first and second glass layers, one of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK and the other of the glass layers having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK,
wherein the providing the stainless steel core includes deep drawing a stainless steel blank through a die.
8. A method of making a tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube heater, comprising:
providing a stainless steel core;
layering a first glass on the stainless steel core, the first glass being electrically insulative and having a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK;
patterning a resistive layer on the first glass; and
layering a second glass on the resistive layer, the second glass being electrically insulative and having a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK;
dimpling an inner surface of the stainless steel core; and
arc spraying aluminum on the dimpled inner surface of the stainless steel core.