On-board charger system with integrated auxiliary power supply
A charger including a charging interface and a converter coupled to the charging interface. The converter includes a first plurality of switching transistors coupled to the charging interface and a transformer including a primary winding, a secondary winding, and an auxiliary winding. The primary winding is coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors. A second plurality of switching transistors is coupled between the secondary winding and a battery interface. An auxiliary system interface is coupled to the auxiliary winding. A controller is configured to control the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors to generate a first signal at the battery interface and a second signal at the auxiliary system interface.
1. A charger comprising:
a charging interface;
a converter coupled to the charging interface, the converter comprising:
a first plurality of switching transistors coupled to the charging interface,
a transformer comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding, and an auxiliary winding, wherein the primary winding is coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors,
a second plurality of switching transistors coupled between the secondary winding and a battery interface, and
an auxiliary system interface coupled to the auxiliary winding;
a rectifier coupled between the charging interface and the first plurality of switching transistors, comprising an intermediate bus capacitor coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors; and
a controller configured to control the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors to generate a first signal at the battery interface and a second signal at the auxiliary system interface;
wherein the converter comprises:
a primary bus capacitor coupled between the second plurality of switching transistors and the battery interface; and
an auxiliary bus capacitor coupled between auxiliary winding and the auxiliary system interface.
2. The charger of claim 1 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a first resonant tank coupled between the first plurality of switching transistors and the primary winding;
a second resonant tank coupled between the secondary winding and the second plurality of switching transistors; and
a third resonant tank coupled between the auxiliary winding and the auxiliary interface.
3. The charger of claim 1 , wherein the converter comprises:
a first diode coupled between a first terminal of the auxiliary winding and a first terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor; and
a second diode coupled between a second terminal of the auxiliary winding and the first terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor, wherein a center tap of the auxiliary winding is coupled to a second terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor.
4. The charger of claim 1 , wherein the converter comprises:
a first transistor coupled between a first terminal of the auxiliary winding and a first terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor, wherein the controller is configured to open the first transistor responsive to a voltage on the auxiliary system interface exceeding a first threshold; and a second transistor coupled between a second terminal of the auxiliary winding and the first terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor, wherein a center tap of the auxiliary winding is coupled to a second terminal of the auxiliary bus capacitor.
5. The charger of claim 1 , wherein the converter comprises:
a first transistor coupled in series with the auxiliary system interface, the first transistor having a body diode that blocks current flow to the auxiliary system interface.
6. The charger of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors using a constant duty cycle and a variable frequency to control a current generated by the converter at the battery interface.
7. The charger of claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to control the current generated by the converter at a constant value responsive to a voltage at the battery interface being less than a first threshold.
8. The charger of claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to control the current generated by the converter to generate a constant voltage at the battery interface responsive to the voltage at the battery interface being greater than the first threshold.
9. The charger of claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to control the current generated by the converter to generate a constant power at the battery interface responsive to the power at the battery interface being greater than the first threshold.
10. The charger of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:
control the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors to transfer power from a power source coupled to the charging interface to generate the second signal at the auxiliary system interface; and
control the second plurality of switching transistors to transfer power from the battery interface to generate the second signal at the auxiliary system interface responsive to a power source not being coupled to the charging interface.
11. The vehicle comprising:
a charging interface;
a converter coupled to the charging interface, the converter comprising:
a first plurality of switching transistors coupled to the charging interface;
a transformer comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding, and an auxiliary winding, wherein the primary winding is coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors;
a second plurality of switching transistors coupled between the secondary winding and a battery interface; and
an auxiliary system interface coupled to the auxiliary winding;
a battery coupled to the battery interface;
an inverter coupled to the battery;
a motor coupled to the inverter;
a rectifier coupled between the charging interface and the first plurality of switching transistors, comprising an intermediate bus capacitor coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors; and
a controller configured to:
control the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors to generate a first signal at the battery interface and a second signal at the auxiliary system interface;
wherein the converter comprises:
a primary bus capacitor coupled between the second plurality of switching transistors and the battery interface; and
an auxiliary bus capacitor coupled between auxiliary winding and the auxiliary system interface.
12. The charger of claim 1 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a first resonant tank coupled between the first plurality of switching transistors and the primary winding;
a second resonant tank coupled between the secondary winding and the second plurality of switching transistors; and
a third resonant tank coupled between the auxiliary winding and the auxiliary interface.
13. A vehicle comprising:
the charger of claim 1 ;
a battery coupled to the battery interface; and
an inverter between coupled between a motor and the battery.
14. The vehicle of claim 13 , wherein the controller is configured to:
control, when a power source is decoupled from the charging interface, the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors in a manner that converts power from the battery into the second signal.
15. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to:
control, when the power source is coupled to the charging interface, the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors in a manner that converts power from the power source into the second signal.
16. A method comprising:
controlling, by a controller in a manner that causes a charger to convert current from a power source into power at a battery interface and a voltage at an auxiliary system interface, a first plurality of switching transistors and a second plurality of switching transistors included in a converter; and
controlling, by the controller in a manner that causes the charger to convert the power from the battery interface into the voltage at the auxiliary system interface, the first plurality of switching transistors and the second plurality of switching transistors,
wherein the charger comprises:
the second plurality of switching transistors coupled between the battery interface and a secondary winding of the transformer,
the auxiliary system interface coupled to an auxiliary winding of the transformer,
a rectifier coupled between the charging interface and the first plurality of switching transistors, comprising an intermediate bus capacitor coupled to the first plurality of switching transistors; and
wherein the converter comprises:
a primary bus capacitor coupled between the second plurality of switching transistors and the battery interface; and
an auxiliary bus capacitor coupled between auxiliary winding and the auxiliary system interface.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
converting, by the charger when the charging interface is coupled to the power source, the current from the power source into the power at the battery interface and the voltage at the auxiliary system interface.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
converting, by the charger when the charging interface is decoupled from the power source, the power from the battery interface into the voltage at the auxiliary system interface.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the charger further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a first resonant tank coupled between the first plurality of switching transistors and the primary winding;
a second resonant tank coupled between the secondary winding and the second plurality of switching transistors; and
a third resonant tank coupled between the auxiliary winding and the auxiliary interface.