Films comprising bright silver based quaternary nanostructures
Disclosed are films comprising Ag, In, Ga, and S (AIGS) nanostructures and at least one ligand bound to the nanostructures. In some embodiment, the AIGS nanostructures have a photon conversion efficiency of greater than 32% and a peak wavelength emission of 480-545 nm. In some embodiments, the nanostructures have an emission spectrum with a FWHM of 24-38 nm.
1. A film comprising Ag, In, Ga, and S (AIGS) nanostructures, at least one ligand, and exhibiting a photon conversion efficiency (PCE) of greater than 32% at a peak emission wavelength of 480-545 nm, when excited using a blue light source with a wavelength of about 450 nm, wherein the nanostructures have an emission spectrum with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than 40 nm, and wherein the average diameter of the nanostructures is less than 10 nm by TEM.
2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures have an emission spectrum with a FWHM of 24-38 nm.
3. The film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures have an emission spectrum with a FWHM of 27-32 nm.
4. The film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures have a quantum yield (QY) of 85-95%.
5. The film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures have a QY of about 86-94%.
6. The film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructures have an OD 450 /mass greater than or equal to 0.8 mL·mg −1 ·cm −1 , where OD 450 is the optical density of the film when irradiated with electromagnetic energy having of wavelength of 450 nm.
7. The film of claim 6 , wherein the nanostructures have an OD 450 /mass in the inclusive range 0.8-2.5 mL·mg −1 ·cm −1 .
8. The film of claim 7 , wherein the nanostructures have an OD 450 /mass in the inclusive range 0.87-1.9 mL·mg −1 ·cm −1 .
9. The film of claim 1 , wherein the average diameter is about 5 nm.
10. The film of claim 1 , wherein at least about 80% of the emission is band-edge emission.
11. The film of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% of the emission is band-edge emission.
12. The film of claim 11 , wherein 92-98% of the emission is band-edge emission.
13. The film of claim 11 , wherein 93-96% of the emission is band-edge emission.
14. The film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ligand is a polyamino ligand.
15. The film of claim 14 , wherein the at least one polyamino-ligand is a polyamino alkane, a polyamino-cycloalkane, a polyamino heterocyclic compound, a polyamino functionalized silicone, or a polyamino substituted ethylene glycol.
16. The film of claim 14 , wherein the polyamino-ligand is a C 2-20 alkane or C 2-20 cycloalkane substituted by two or three amino groups and optionally containing one or two amino groups in place of a carbon group.
17. The film of claim 16 , wherein the polyamino-ligand is 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, or 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane.
18. The film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ligand is a compound of Formula I:
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100; and
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl.
19. The film of claim 18 , wherein x=19, y=3, and R 2 ═—CH 3 .
20. The film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ligand is (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane); (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane; DL-α-lipoic acid; 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol; 6-mercapto-1-hexanol; methoxypolyethylene glycol amine; poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether thiol; diethyl phenylphosphonite; dibenzyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite; di-tert-butyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite; tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride; poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether thiol; methoxypolyethylene glycol amine; acrylamide; or polyethylenimine.
21. The film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ligand is a combination of amino-polyalkylene oxide and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine; amino-polyalkylene oxide and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol; amino-polyalkylene oxide and (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane; or 6-mercapto-1-hexanol and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine.
22. The film of claim 1 , further comprising at least one organic resin.
23. The film composition of claim 22 , wherein the at least one organic resin is cured.
24. The film composition of claim 1 , wherein the film is 5-15 μm thick.
25. The film composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one monomer incorporated into the at least one ligand coating the AIGS nanostructures surface.
26. The film composition of claim 25 , wherein the at least one monomer is an acrylate.
27. The film composition of claim 26 , wherein the monomer is at least one of ethyl acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate, 1,4-bis(acryloyloxy)butane or isobornyl acrylate.
28. The film composition of claim 1 , which exhibits a blue light absorption at about 450 nm of greater than 95%.
29. The film composition of claim 1 , wherein the film is encapsulated between first and second barrier layers.
30. The film composition of claim 29 , wherein the PCE of the film is greater than 32% to 39%.