Workload orchestration in hybrid quantum/classical computing systems
In some aspects, a cloud-based computer system includes: a quantum computing system comprising a quantum processing unit; a container management and execution system configured to receive a container and execute a program within the container; and a communication channel between the container management and execution system and the quantum computing system for providing program instructions to the quantum computing system. The container management and execution system and the quantum computer system may be co-located in a data center or located in different data centers. The latency of the communication channel may be selected to optimize cost for a required computer performance.
1 . A cloud-based computer system comprising:
a communication channel that provides communication between a container management and execution system and a quantum computing system;
the container management and execution system configured to:
receive a container comprising a hybrid classical/quantum program, the hybrid classical/quantum program comprising a first instruction portion to be executed by the quantum computing system and a second instruction portion to be executed by classical computing resources,
compile the first instruction portion of the hybrid classical/quantum program to generate a patchable binary program, wherein the patchable binary program comprises parameter values;
provide the patchable binary program to the quantum computing system via the communication channel;
map the second instruction portion to one or more classical computing resources comprising at least one dynamically allocated resource, and
execute the second instruction portion of the hybrid classical/quantum program within the container using the one or more classical computing resources; and
the quantum computing system comprising:
a quantum processing unit configured to execute the patchable binary program, and
a control system configured to:
update the parameter values in the patchable binary program at runtime without further compilation of the first instruction portion, wherein updating the parameter values includes updating a data memory section of the patchable binary program that is referenced by an instruction memory section of the patchable binary program; and
provide the patchable binary program comprising the updated parameter values to the quantum processing unit for execution.
2 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the container management and execution system and the quantum computing system are co-located in a data center.
3 . The computer system of claim 2 , wherein the communication channel is a low latency communication channel.
4 . The computer system of claim 2 , wherein the communication channel is a local network with a network latency of less than 10 nanoseconds.
5 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the container management and execution system and the quantum computing system are located in different data centers.
6 . The computer system of claim 5 , wherein the communication channel is a high-speed wide-area network.
7 . The computer system of claim 5 , wherein the container management and execution system is a first container management and execution system, the communication channel is a first communication channel, the container is a first container, the hybrid classical/quantum program is a first hybrid classical/quantum program, and the computer system further comprises:
a second container management and execution system configured to receive a second container and execute a second hybrid classical/quantum program within the second container; and
a second communication channel between the second container management and execution system and the quantum computing system configured to provide additional program instructions to the quantum computing system.
8 . The computer system of claim 7 , wherein the first container management and execution system and the second container management and execution system are located in the same data center and are securely isolated from each other.
9 . The computer system of claim 7 , wherein the first container management and execution system and the second container management and execution system are located in different data centers.
10 . The computer system of claim 9 , wherein the second container management and execution system and the quantum computing system are located in different data centers.
11 . The computer system of claim 9 , wherein the second container management and execution system is located in a first data center, co-located with the quantum computing system.
12 . The computer system of claim 11 , wherein the first container and the second container are coordinated to run a single integrated quantum computer program.
13 . The computer system of claim 12 , wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel have different latencies.
14 . The computer system of claim 9 , wherein the first communication channel and the second communication channel have different latencies.
15 . The computer system of claim 7 , comprising an application programming interface configured to manage the first container management and execution system and the second container management and execution system.
16 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the quantum processing unit is a first quantum processing unit, and the quantum computing system further comprises a second quantum processing unit.
17 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the communication channel comprises a plurality of parallel communication channels with different latencies, and wherein one of the plurality of parallel communication channels is individually selectable and configured to provide communications between the container management and execution system and the quantum computing system.
18 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the container management and execution system is configured to compile the first instruction portion of the hybrid classical/quantum program to generate the patchable binary program by:
compiling the first instruction portion of the hybrid classical/quantum program to generate a native program; and
compiling the native program to the patchable binary program with the parameter values.
19 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the parameter values of the patchable binary program comprise parameters of single-qubit rotation gates in the first instruction portion to be executed by quantum computing system.
20 . The computer system of claim 19 , wherein updating the parameter values in the patchable binary program comprises updating the parameters of the single-qubit rotation gates with new values determined at runtime.
21 . The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid classical/quantum program is configured to be executed iteratively, and the control system of the quantum computing system is configured to, on each iteration:
update the parameter values for the iteration at runtime without further compilation of the first instruction portion; and
provide, to the quantum processing unit, the patchable binary program comprising the updated parameter values for the iteration.