Phased array antenna for use with low earth orbit satellite constellations

1. A phased array antenna system, comprising:

a plurality of antenna panels each comprising:

an array of meta-structure cells;

a feed network; and

an RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) coupled to the feed network and adapted to generate a plurality of phase shifts for a plurality of signals, wherein a meta-structure cell from the array of meta-structure cells radiates signals with each phase shift; and

an antenna controller configured to control the plurality of antenna panels by directing a first antenna panel to transmit a first signal to a Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) satellite and a second antenna panel to transmit a second signal to the LEO satellite.

2. The phased array antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal has a first phase and the second signal has a second phase different from the first phase.

3. The phased array antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the array of meta-structure cells comprises a plurality of metamaterial cells.

4. The phased array antenna system of claim 3 , wherein at least one metamaterial cell in the plurality of metamaterial cells comprises a varactor.

5. The phased array antenna system of claim 4 , wherein the antenna controller controls a voltage applied to the varactor to generate a phase shift.

6. A satellite ground terminal for use with a satellite, comprising:

a plurality of metamaterial antenna panels each comprising an array of metamaterial cells, a feed network and an RFIC (radio-frequency integrated circuit) coupled to the feed network, wherein the RFIC generates a plurality of phase shifts for a plurality of signals, each signal radiated from a subarray with each phase shift; and

an antenna controller that controls the plurality of metamaterial antenna panels to transmit and receive a plurality of beamforming signals at a plurality of phases to and from the satellite, wherein the plurality of beamforming signals received at the plurality of phases are combined in phase.

7. The satellite ground terminal of claim 6 , wherein the array of metamaterial cells is configured into a plurality of subarrays.

8. The satellite ground terminal of claim 6 , wherein at least one metamaterial cell in the array of metamaterial cells comprises a varactor and wherein the antenna controller controls a voltage applied to the varactor to generate a phase shift.

9. A phased array antenna system for use with a Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) satellite constellation, comprising:

a plurality of antenna panels, wherein each of the plurality of antenna panels comprises;

an array of meta-structure cells;

a feed network; and

an RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) coupled to the feed network, wherein the RFIC generates a plurality of phase shifts for a plurality of signals, each signal radiated from a subarray with each phase shift; and

an antenna controller that controls the plurality of antenna panels, the antenna controller configured to direct a first antenna panel to receive a first signal from a LEO satellite of the LEO constellation and a second antenna panel to receive a second signal from the LEO satellite of the LEO constellation.

10. The phased array antenna system of claim 9 , wherein the first signal and the second signal are aligned in phase.

11. The phased array antenna system of claim 9 , wherein the first signal and the second signal are combined in the feed network that improves a signal-to-noise ratio in the phased array antenna system.

12. The phased array antenna system of claim 9 , wherein the array of meta-structure cells is configured into a plurality of subarrays.