Methods of imparting color to nylon substrates
Provided are methods of continuously imparting a desired characteristic, optionally color, to a linear polymeric substrate with reliability and reproducibility. According to some aspects, a method of continuously bonding an active agent to or into a polymeric substrate may include contacting an active agent solution with a polymeric substrate. Contacting the active agent solution with the polymeric substrate may occur at a treatment temperature and for a treatment time. The active agent solution may have been prepared from a method including diluting the treated active agent precursor solution to form the active agent solution.
1 . A continuous method of contacting an active agent to a linear synthetic polymeric substrate to impart a color to the linear synthetic polymeric substrate, the method comprising:
contacting an active agent precursor solution with a cation exchange resin (CER), the contacting forming a treated active agent precursor solution;
diluting a first portion of the treated-active agent precursor solution to form an active agent solution;
contacting the active agent solution with the polymeric substrate at a treatment temperature and for a treatment time; and
adding a second portion the treated-active agent precursor solution to the active agent solution to maintain a concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution;
wherein:
the polymeric substrate comprises a polyamide polymeric material;
the active agent precursor solution comprises an active agent comprising an acid dye selected from the group consisting of an anthraquinone acid dye, an azo acid dye, and a triphenylmethane acid dye;
the CER comprises sulfonic acid functional groups;
a concentration of the active agent in the active agent precursor solution is in a range from 10 g/L to 50 g/L;
wherein a mass concentration of the active agent in the active agent precursor solution is in a range from 400% to 1000% relative to a mass concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution; and
a ΔE of the polymeric substrate is less than that of an otherwise identical continuous method comprising contacting the active agent solution with the cation exchange resin instead of contacting the active agent precursor solution with the cation exchange resin.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated active agent solution comprises a salt.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of the salt in the treated active agent precursor solution is from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is from 10° C. to 99° C.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment time is from 0.001 second to 30 minutes.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises one or more of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 6/6-6, nylon 6/9, nylon 6/10, nylon 11, nylon 12, or any combination thereof.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the acid dye comprises one or more of Acid Blue #60, Acid Blue #260, Acid Red #151, Acid Red #407, Acid Red #151, Mordant Red 7, Acid Red #1, Acid Black #2, Acid Yellow #23, Acid Yellow #43, Acid Yellow #36, Acid Yellow #232, Acid Orange #144, Acid Black #107, Acid Violet #90, and Acid Violet #17.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the active agent precursor solution is an aqueous solution of an acid dye.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the active agent precursor solution is contacted with the CER 2 or more times.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of CER, in equivalents is 0.1 to 10 times the moles of active agent exposed to the resin in the active agent precursor solution.
11 . The method of claim 1 wherein the treated active agent precursor solution is continuously or discontinuously supplied to the active agent solution during the treatment time.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the mass concentration of the active agent in the active agent precursor solution is in a range from 600% to 1000% relative to a mass concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the second portion of the treated active agent precursor solution to the active agent solution to maintain a concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution comprises a plurality of additions of the second portion of the treated-active agent precursor solution to the active agent solution.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous process comprises at least 3 additions of the second portion of the treated active agent precursor solution to the active agent solution to maintain the concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the continuous process comprises at least 5 additions of the second portion of the treated active agent precursor solution to the active agent solution to maintain the concentration of the active agent in the active agent solution.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a ΔE of 3 or less is maintained throughout the continuous method.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is in a range from 80° C. to 100° C.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cation exchange resin is a macroporous polystyrenic strong acid cation resin in hydrogen form with sulfonic acid functional groups.