Processing blood
Methods ( 300 ), devices, and systems of processing blood are described. The method ( 300 ) comprises the steps of: obtaining ( 312 ) blood from a patient coupled to a single blood processing device to form a closed loop between the patient and the blood processing device; collecting ( 314 ) bulk mononuclear blood cells from the blood by leukapheresis implemented using the blood processing device in the closed loop; and enriching ( 316 ) concurrently target cells separated from non-target cells in the bulk mononuclear blood cells using the blood processing device in the closed loop.
1. A method of processing blood, said method comprising the steps of: obtaining blood from a patient coupled to a single blood processing device to form a closed loop between said patient and said blood processing device; collecting bulk mononuclear blood cells from said blood by leukapheresis implemented using said blood processing device in said closed loop; and enriching concurrently target cells separated from non-target cells in said bulk mononuclear blood cells using said blood processing device in said closed loop.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of discarding said non-target cells.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising maintaining continuous connection of said patient in said closed loop during processing of said target cells.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of disconnecting said patient from said closed loop for a time interval during processing of said target cells.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of concurrently monitoring said collecting and enriching steps.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said collecting and enriching steps are performed in different sections of said blood processing device.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said collecting step comprises using differential centrifugation to collect said mononuclear blood cells and said enriching step comprises using ligand capture to enrich said target cells.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein said differential centrifugation is conducted by a continuous flow system.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein said ligand is an antibody specific for a cell surface ligand.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said target cells are selected from the group consisting of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, T regulatory cells, T-helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, lymphocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKs), and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of modifying said enriched target cells.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the modifying step involves modification that is selected from the group consisting of activation, expansion, induction of apoptosis, gene modification, and induction of antigen-specificity.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the modifying step involves modification that is effected by at least one of cross-linking cell surface receptors, irradiation, and treatment with at least one of cytokines, chemokines, antigen stimulation, hormones, drugs, pressure, and heating.
14. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said target cells are selected from the group consisting of malignant cells from blood, malignant cells from tissue, virally infected cells, bacterially infected cells, at least one virus, at least one bacterium, a parasite, fetal cells, and pathogenic effector cells.
15. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of returning non-target cells to the patient connected or disconnected in said closed loop.
16. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of modifying non-target cells and returning said non-target cells to the patient connected or disconnected in said closed loop.
17. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein target cell enrichment is effected by at least one of magnetics, fluorescent-activated cell sorting, microfluidics, solid support, acoustics, bioluminescence, antibody tagging, and enzyme substrate.
18. A system for processing blood, said system comprising: means for obtaining blood from a patient; and a single blood processing device coupled to said obtaining means and said patient to form a closed loop between said patient and said blood processing device, said blood processing device comprising: means for collecting bulk mononuclear blood cells from said blood by leukapheresis implemented using said blood processing device in said closed loop; and means for enriching concurrently target cells separated from non-target cells in said bulk mononuclear blood cells using said blood processing device in said closed loop.
19. The system as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said collecting means uses differential centrifugation to collect said mononuclear blood cells and said enriching means uses ligand capture to enrich said target cells.
20. The system as claimed in claim 19 , wherein said ligand is an antibody specific for a cell surface ligand.