Metal-foil-assisted fabrication of thin-silicon solar cell
One embodiment relates to a method of fabricating a solar cell. A silicon lamina is cleaved from the silicon substrate. The backside of the silicon lamina includes the P-type and N-type doped regions. A metal foil is attached to the backside of the silicon lamina. The metal foil may be used advantageously as a built-in carrier for handling the silicon lamina during processing of a frontside of the silicon lamina. Another embodiment relates to a solar cell that includes a silicon lamina having P-type and N-type doped regions on the backside. A metal foil is adhered to the backside of the lamina, and there are contacts formed between the metal foil and the doped regions. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.
1. A solar cell comprising:
a primary substrate having a front side that faces the sun during normal operation and a backside opposite the front side;
a P-type emitter and an N-type emitter on the backside of the primary substrate;
a dielectric layer on the P-type and N-type emitters;
a metal foil on the dielectric layer, the metal foil comprising a first contact finger that extends through the dielectric layer to electrically connect to the P-type emitter, a second contact finger that extends through the dielectric layer to electrically connect to the N-type emitter, and a handling area that extends beyond a perimeter of the primary substrate, the metal foil configured to carry the primary substrate when handled by the handling area; and
a secondary substrate on the metal foil,
wherein the metal foil includes a finger separation area between the dielectric layer and the secondary substrate and between the first contact finger and the second contact finger, the finger separation area comprising empty space.
2. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the primary substrate is a silicon lamina.
3. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the front side of the primary substrate is textured.
4. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the secondary substrate comprises a polymer.
5. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the secondary substrate comprises a fluoropolymer.
6. A solar cell comprising:
a silicon lamina;
a P-type emitter and an N-type emitter on a backside of the silicon lamina;
a metal foil on the backside of the silicon lamina, the metal foil comprising a first contact finger in direct contact with the P-type emitter, a second contact finger in direct contact with the N-type emitter, and a handling area that extends beyond a perimeter of the silicon lamina, the metal foil configured to carry the silicon lamina when handled by the handling area; and
a polymer layer on the metal foil,
wherein the metal foil includes a finger separation area comprising empty space between the polymer layer and the silicon lamina, the finger separation area located between the first contact finger and the second contact finger.
7. The solar cell of claim 6 , wherein the silicon lamina has a thickness in a range between ten and one-hundred microns.
8. The solar cell of claim 6 , further comprising:
a textured and passivated surface at a frontside of the silicon lamina;
a glass layer over the frontside of the silicon lamina; and
an encapsulant material between the frontside of the silicon lamina and the glass layer.
9. The solar cell of claim 8 , wherein the metal foil comprises aluminum.
10. The solar cell of claim 9 , wherein the metal foil comprises Al-x%Si, where x% is in a range from zero percent to three percent.
11. The solar cell of claim 6 , wherein the polymer layer comprises a fluoropolymer.
12. The solar cell of claim 6 , further comprising:
a dielectric layer,
wherein the first contact finger of the metal foil extends through the dielectric layer to directly connect to the P-type emitter and the second contact finger of the metal foil extends through the dielectric layer to directly connect to the N-type emitter.
13. A solar cell comprising:
a silicon lamina;
a P-type emitter and an N-type emitter on the backside of the silicon lamina;
a metal foil comprising a first contact finger that is directly connected to the P-type emitter, a second contact finger that is directly connected to the N-type emitter, and a handling area that extends beyond a perimeter of the silicon lamina, the metal foil configured to carry the silicon lamina when handled by the handling area; and
a secondary substrate on the metal foil, wherein the metal foil includes a finger separation area comprising empty space between the silicon lamina and the secondary substrate, the finger separation area located between the first contact finger and the second contact finger.
14. The solar cell of claim 13 , further comprising:
a dielectric layer between the metal foil and the P-type and N-type emitters,
wherein the first contact finger of the metal foil extends through the dielectric layer to directly connect to the P-type emitter and the second contact finger of the metal foil extends through the dielectric layer to directly connect to the N-type emitter.
15. The solar cell of claim 13 , wherein a front side of the silicon lamina is textured.
16. The solar cell of claim 13 , wherein the secondary substrate comprises a polymer.
17. The solar cell of claim 13 , wherein the secondary substrate comprises a fluoropolymer.