Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus ( 10 ) comprises an encoder ( 11 ) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator ( 12 ) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator ( 12 ) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more of predetermined constellations defined by the constellation position vector w 0 . . . b−1 , wherein b=M/4.
1. A receiving apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive at least one transmission stream including symbols representative of constellation values; and
at least one processor configured to
demodulate the symbols into cell words and wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC),
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.
2. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmission stream is a digital video broadcasting stream.
3. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmission stream is a terrestrial digital video broadcasting stream.
4. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the NUC is a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellation.
5. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein bits of the cell words are labeled on the NUC in accordance with a binary reflected Gray mapping.
6. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to decode the cell words into output data.
7. A receiving method comprising:
receiving at least one transmission stream including symbols representative of constellation values; and
demodulating the symbols into cell words, wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC),
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.
8. The receiving method according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one transmission stream is a digital video broadcasting stream.
9. The receiving method according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one transmission stream is a terrestrial digital video broadcasting stream.
10. The receiving method according to claim 7 , wherein the NUC is a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellation.
11. The receiving method according to claim 7 , wherein bits of the cell words are labeled on the NUC in accordance with a binary reflected Gray mapping.
12. The receiving method according to claim 7 , further comprising decoding the cell words into output data.
13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a receiving apparatus, cause the receiving apparatus to perform a receiving method comprising:
receiving at least one transmission stream including symbols representative of constellation values; and
demodulating the symbols into cell words, wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC),
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.
14. A transmitting apparatus comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit at least one transmission stream including symbols representative of constellation values; and
at least one processor configured to
modulate cell words into the symbols, wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC),
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.
15. A transmitting method comprising:
modulating cell words into symbols and wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC); and
transmitting at least one transmission stream including the symbols representative of constellation values,
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a transmission apparatus, cause the transmission apparatus to perform a transmitting method comprising:
modulating cell words into symbols and wherein each of the symbols is associated with a point of a non-uniform constellation (NUC); and
transmitting at least one transmission stream including the symbols representative of constellation values,
wherein the NUC includes 256 points,
wherein a first quarter of the NUC includes 64 points defined by the following real and imaginary parts:
1.1980+j1.1541
0.9192+j1.2082
1.2778+j0.8523
1.0390+j0.9253
0.6057+j1.2200
0.7371+j1.4217
0.6678+j1.0021
0.8412+j0.9448
1.2128+j0.5373
1.0048+j0.5165
1.4321+j0.6343
1.0245+j0.7152
0.6384+j0.6073
0.8175+j0.5684
0.6568+j0.7801
0.8311+j0.7459
0.1349+j1.4742
0.1105+j0.2309
0.0634+j0.9796
0.1891+j1.0198
0.4142+j1.4461
0.3323+j1.2279
0.4998+j0.9827
0.3467+j1.0202
0.0680+j0.6501
0.2016+j0.6464
0.0719+j0.8075
0.2088+j0.8146
0.4809+j0.6296
0.3374+j0.6412
0.4955+j0.8008
0.3431+j0.8141
1.2731+j0.1108
1.0794+j0.0977
1.5126+j0.1256
0.9029+j0.0853
0.5429+j0.0694
0.6795+j0.0559
0.5628+j0.1945
0.7326+j0.1410
1.2283+j0.3217
1.0269+j0.3261
1.4663+j0.3716
0.9085+j0.2470
0.6160+j0.4549
0.7818+j0.4247
0.5938+j0.3170
0.7600+j0.2850
0.0595+j0.0707
0.1722+j0.0706
0.0599+j0.2119
0.1748+j0.2114
0.4134+j0.0701
0.2935+j0.0705
0.4231+j0.2066
0.2979+j0.2100
0.0638+j0.5002
0.1905+j0.4966
0.0612+j0.3552
0.1810+j0.3533
0.4630+j0.4764
0.3231+j0.4895
0.4416+j0.3397
0.3083+j0.3490;
wherein a second quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a complex conjugate (−conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a third quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being a complex conjugate (conj) of a point of the first quarter;
wherein a fourth quarter of the NUC includes 64 points, each being an opposite of a point of the first quarter.