Method for predictive control of the orientation of a solar tracker
A method for controlling the orientation of a single-axis solar tracker orientable about an axis of rotation, including observing the evolution over time of the cloud coverage above the solar tracker; determining the evolution over time of an optimum inclination angle of the solar tracker substantially corresponding to a maximum of solar radiation on the solar tracker, depending on the observed cloud coverage; predicting the future evolution of the cloud coverage based on the observed prior evolution of the cloud coverage; calculating the future evolution of the optimum inclination angle according to the prediction of the future evolution of the cloud coverage; servo-controlling the orientation of the solar tracker according to the prior evolution of the optimum inclination angle and depending on the future evolution of the optimum inclination angle.
1. A method for controlling a solar tracker comprising:
observing cloud coverage above a solar tracker via satellite images of the sky over the solar tracker;
comparing the observed cloud coverage with cloud coverage models stored in a database, each cloud coverage model being associated with an orientation setpoint for the solar tracker;
matching the observed cloud coverage with a cloud coverage model; and
controlling the orientation of the solar tracker to the orientation setpoint of the matched cloud coverage model,
wherein the cloud coverage models include:
a zero-cloud coverage model is associated with a direct inclination angle orientation set point; and
a widespread cloud coverage model associated with a zero-inclination angle orientation set point.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each cloud coverage model is associated with an orientation setpoint value which depends on a composition of a cloud layer of the cloud coverage model, the composition depending on at least one of a number of clouds, coverage surface of the clouds, thickness of the clouds, location of the clouds, type of cloud(s).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, for each cloud coverage model, the corresponding orientation setpoint value is predefined according to at least one of the following parameters: an energy consumption necessary to modify the orientation of the solar tracker, and a displacement speed of the solar tracker during an orientation change.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud coverage models comprise at least one fine cloud coverage model to which an orientation setpoint value is associated on a predefined intermediate angle between the direct inclination angle orientation set point and a zero inclination angle orientation set point.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cloud coverage models comprise at least one irregular cloud coverage model to which an orientation setpoint value is associated with the direct inclination angle orientation set point.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising translating the observed cloud cover into a mapping of the solar luminance.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the cloud coverage models are based on different cartographic models and the comparison between the observed cloud coverage with the cloud coverage models is based on a comparison between the distribution of the solar luminance on the mapping with the distribution of the solar luminance in the different cartographic models.