CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
The present disclosure relates to Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associate protein 9 (Cas9) systems, and methods of use thereof for gene editing.
1 . A method of altering expression of a gene product, the method comprising:
administering into a cell an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system comprising at least one vector comprising:
(i) a nucleotide molecule encoding Cas9 nuclease;
(ii) a first sgRNA comprising a first CRISPR targeting RNA (crRNA) sequence that hybridizes to a nucleotide sequence complementary to a first target sequence, the first target sequence being adjacent to the 5′-end of a first protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in a first intron at 3′-end side of an exon comprising a disease-causing mutation or SNP in cis, wherein the first target sequence or the first PAM comprises a first ancestral variation or SNP site; and
(iii) a second sgRNA comprising a second crRNA sequence that hybridizes to a nucleotide sequence complementary to a second target sequence, the second target sequence being adjacent to the 5′-end of a second PAM in a second intron at 5′-end side of the exon comprising the disease-causing mutation or SNP in cis, wherein the second target sequence or the second PAM comprises a second ancestral variation or SNP site,
wherein the at least one vector does not have a nucleotide molecule encoding Cas9 nuclease and a crRNA sequence that naturally occur together.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second crRNA sequences comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of guide sequences shown in Table 3.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the first crRNA sequence comprises the first target sequence;
the second crRNA sequence comprises the second target sequence;
the first crRNA sequence is from 17 to 24 nucleotide long; and/or
the second crRNA sequence is from 17 to 24 nucleotide long.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second PAMs and the Cas9 nuclease are from Streptococcus or Staphylococcus.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second PAMs are both from Streptococcus or Staphylococcus.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second PAMs independently consists of NGG or NNGRRT, wherein N is any of A, T, G, and C, and R is A or G.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises injecting the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system into the cell.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises introducing the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system into a cell containing and expressing a DNA molecule having the target sequence.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the disease is associated with the SNP;
the first target sequence or the first PAM comprises the first ancestral SNP site; and/or
the second target sequence or the second PAM comprises the second ancestral SNP site.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the target sequence or the PAM comprises a plurality of mutation or SNP sites.
11 . The method of claim 1 , including:
administering the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system into a subject.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the subject is a human.
13 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
prior to administering to the subject the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system:
obtaining sequence information of the subject; and
selecting the first crRNA sequence and/or the second crRNA sequence based on the sequence information of the subject.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the sequence information of the subject includes whole-genome sequence information of the subject.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence so that the Cas9 nuclease cleaves at a first cleaving site that is adjacent to the first ancestral variation or SNP site; and/or
the second crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence so that the Cas9 nuclease cleaves at a second cleaving site that is adjacent to the second ancestral variation or SNP site.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the first crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence so that the Cas9 nuclease cleaves only at the first cleaving site that is adjacent to the first ancestral variation or SNP site; and/or
the second crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence so that the Cas9 nuclease cleaves only at the second cleaving site that is adjacent to the second ancestral variation or SNP site.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the first target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said first target sequence in trans not being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM; and/or
the second crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the second target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said second target sequence in trans not being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the first target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said first target sequence in trans not being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM; and
the second crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the second target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said second target sequence in trans being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the first target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said first target sequence in trans being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM; and
the second crRNA sequence hybridizes to the nucleotide sequence complementary to the second target sequence in trans with the disease-causing mutation or SNP, said second target sequence in trans not being adjacent to the 5′-end of a PAM.