Quantum dots, and composite and display device including the same
A quantum dot, a production method thereof, and a quantum dot composite and a device including the same are disclosed, wherein the quantum dot includes an alloy semiconductor nanocrystal including indium (In), gallium, zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), and in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of gallium with respect to indium (Ga:In) is greater than or equal to about 0.2:1, a mole ratio of phosphorus with respect to indium (P:In) is greater than or equal to about 0.95:1, the quantum dot does not include cadmium, and in an UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the quantum dot(s), a first absorption peak is present in a range of less than or equal to about 520 nm.
1. A quantum dot comprising an alloy semiconductor nanocrystal comprising indium, gallium, zinc, phosphorus, and sulfur,
wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of gallium with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.2:1,
wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of phosphorus with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.95:1,
wherein the quantum dot does not comprise cadmium, and
wherein in an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the quantum dot, a first absorption peak is present in a range of less than or equal to about 520 nanometers.
2. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of gallium with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.35:1.
3. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of gallium with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.3:1 and less than or equal to about 1:1.
4. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of phosphorus with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 1:1.
5. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of a sum of indium and gallium with respect to phosphorus is greater than or equal to about 0.8:1 and less than or equal to about 1.3:1.
6. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein a wavelength of a first absorption peak in an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal is in a range of greater than or equal to about 400 nanometers and less than or equal to about 450 nanometers.
7. The quantum dot of claim 6 , wherein in the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal, a mole ratio of zinc with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.9:1.
8. The quantum dot of claim 6 , wherein in the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal, a mole ratio of a sum of indium, gallium, and zinc with respect to a sum of sulfur and phosphorus is greater than or equal to about 1:1 and less than or equal to about 1.8:1.
9. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of zinc with respect to a sum of indium and gallium is greater than or equal to about 1:1.
10. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of sulfur with respect to indium is greater than or equal to about 0.3:1.
11. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot further comprises a semiconductor nanocrystal shell disposed on a core comprising the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal, the semiconductor nanocrystal shell comprising zinc, sulfur, and selenium.
12. The quantum dot of claim 11 , wherein in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of sulfur with respect to selenium is less than or equal to about 2.5:1.
13. The quantum dot of claim 11 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal shell comprises
a first layer comprising a first semiconductor nanocrystal comprising zinc and selenium, and
a second layer disposed on the first layer, the second layer comprising a second semiconductor nanocrystal comprising zinc and sulfur.
14. The quantum dot of claim 13 , wherein the first layer does not comprise sulfur and the first layer is disposed directly on a surface of the core, and wherein the second layer is an outermost layer of the quantum dot and the second layer is disposed directly on a surface of the first layer.
15. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal has a size of greater than or equal to about 2 nanometers.
16. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot has a size of greater than or equal to about 4 nanometers.
17. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot has an extinction coefficient per mole at about 450 nanometers of greater than or equal to about 1.2×10 5 (M −1 cm −1 ).
18. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein in the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the quantum dot, a ratio of absorbance at 450 nanometers with respect to absorbance at 350 nanometers is greater than or equal to about 0.08:1.
19. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot emits green light and a maximum luminescent peak wavelength of the green light is in a range of about 500 nanometers to about 560 nanometers.
20. The quantum dot of claim 1 , wherein a quantum efficiency of the quantum dot is greater than or equal to about 75%.
21. A method of producing the quantum dot of claim 1 , which comprises:
activating a mixture comprising an indium precursor, a zinc precursor, a sulfur precursor, and optionally an organic ligand, in an organic solvent to provide an activated mixture;
adding a gallium precursor and a phosphorus precursor to the activated mixture; and
carrying out a reaction at a reaction temperature to synthesize the alloy semiconductor nanocrystal and produce the quantum dot,
wherein the gallium precursor does not comprise an oxygen containing moiety, a halogen containing moiety, or a combination thereof.
22. The method of claim 21 ,
wherein the indium precursor comprises a C10 to C40 carboxylate moiety,
wherein the zinc precursor comprises a C10 to C40 carboxylate moiety, and
wherein the sulfur precursor comprises a C1 to C40 alkyl thiol compound.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the reaction temperature is greater than or equal to about 280° C.
24. A quantum dot polymer composite comprising
a polymer matrix; and
a plurality of quantum dots dispersed in the polymer matrix,
wherein the plurality of quantum dots comprises the quantum dot of claim 1 .
25. The quantum dot-polymer composite of claim 24 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a polymerization product of a polymerizable monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond, and optionally a polymerization product of the polymerizable monomer and a thiol compound; and wherein the quantum dot-polymer composite further comprises a metal oxide particulate dispersed in the polymer matrix.
26. The quantum dot-polymer composite of claim 24 , wherein the quantum dot polymer composite is in a form of a patterned film.
27. A display device, comprising a light emitting element,
wherein the light emitting element comprises the quantum dot-polymer composite of claim 24 .
28. The display device of claim 27 , wherein the light emitting element comprises a stacked structure comprising
a substrate, and
a light emitting layer disposed on the substrate,
wherein the light emitting layer comprises a pattern comprising the quantum dot-polymer composite, and
wherein the pattern comprises a repeating section emitting light of a predetermined wavelength.