Drilling fluid additives and fracturing fluid additives containing cellulose nanofibers and/or nanocrystals
This disclosure provides drilling fluids and additives as well as fracturing fluids and additives that contain cellulose nanofibers and/or cellulose nanocrystals. In some embodiments, hydrophobic nanocellulose is provided which can be incorporated into oil-based fluids and additives. These water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include lignosulfonates and other biomass-derived components. Also, these water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include enzymes. The drilling and fracturing fluids and additives described herein may be produced using the AVAP® process technology to produce a nanocellulose precursor, followed by low-energy refining to produce nanocellulose for incorporation into a variety of drilling and fracturing fluids and additives.
1. A fracturing fluid composition comprising a fracturing fluid additive, wherein said fracturing fluid additive comprises hydrophobic, lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils, wherein said hydrophobic, lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils are present in said fracturing fluid composition in a concentration from 0.001 wt % to 10 wt %, wherein said hydrophobic, lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils have a cellulose crystallinity of at least 60%, wherein said fracturing fluid additive further comprises a crosslinking agent, and wherein said hydrophobic, lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils are crosslinked to enhance gelling within said fracturing fluid composition.
2. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid additive further comprises a surfactant.
3. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid additive further comprises lignosulfonates.
4. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid additive further comprises enzymes.
5. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid composition is a water-based fracturing fluid composition.
6. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid composition is an oil-based fracturing fluid composition.
7. The fracturing fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein said fracturing fluid composition is a hybrid water-based/oil-based fracturing fluid composition.