GRAPHENE-BASED SENSOR FOR DETECTING SARS-COV-2 VIRUS IN A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE
In one aspect, a sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a sample, e.g., a blood sample, is disclosed, which includes a graphene layer, a plurality of binding agents coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, where the binding agents exhibit specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring an electrical property (e.g., DC electrical resistance) of the functionalized graphene layer. While in some embodiments such binding agents are monoclonal antibodies, in other embodiments they can be polyclonal antibodies.
1 . A sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a sample, comprising:
a graphene layer;
a plurality of binding agents coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, wherein said binding agents exhibit specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring at least one electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer.
2 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said epitope is an S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
3 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said epitope is an N protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
4 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said binding agents are anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
5 . The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a reference electrode for applying a reference AC signal to said functionalized graphene layer.
6 . The sensor of claim 5 , wherein said reference AC signal has a frequency 1 kHz to 2 MHz.
7 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said sample comprises a biological sample.
8 . The sensor of claim 7 , wherein said biological sample comprises a blood sample.
9 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said binding agents are coupled to the graphene layer via a plurality of linkers.
10 . The sensor of claim 9 , wherein each of said linkers is covalently attached at one end thereof to the graphene layer and at another end to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus.
11 . The sensor of claim 10 , wherein said linkers comprise 1-pyrenebutonic acid succinimidyl ester.
12 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said graphene layer is functionalized with a plurality of hydroxyl groups.
13 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said binding agents are coupled to said hydroxyl groups via a plurality of aldehyde moieties.
14 . The sensor of claim 1 , wherein said binding agents are coupled to said graphene layer via protein G.
15 . A method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a biological sample, comprising:
applying a biological sample to a graphene layer functionalized with a plurality of binding agents, wherein said binding agents exhibit specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus;
measuring at least one electrical property of the functionalized graphene layer; and
using said measured electrical property to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus in said sample.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein said binding agents are anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
17 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 virus detected in said sample.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein said at least one electrical property of the functionalized graphene layer comprises a DC electrical resistance thereof.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein said step of using the measured electrical property comprises monitoring a change in said electrical property in response to interaction of said sample with the functionalized graphene layer.
20 . A method of fabricating a sensor for detecting antibodies reactive against SARS-CoV-2 virus in a biological sample, comprising:
coupling a plurality of linkers to a graphene layer deposited on an underlying substrate; and
covalently coupling a plurality of antibodies exhibiting specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus to said linkers.
21 . A disposable cartridge for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a biological sample, comprising:
a microfluidic component having an inlet port for receiving a sample and an exit port; and
a sensor fluidically coupled to said microfluidic component to receive at least a portion of said sample from said exit port,
wherein said sensor comprises:
a graphene layer;
a plurality of binding agents coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, wherein said binding agents exhibit specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring an electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer.
22 . The disposable cartridge of claim 21 , wherein said binding agents are anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
23 . The disposable cartridge of claim 21 , wherein said microfluidic component comprises a polymeric material.
24 . The disposable cartridge of claim 23 , wherein said polymeric material comprises any of PDMS and PMMA.
25 . A sensor for detecting antibodies reactive against SARS-CoV-2 virus in a sample obtained from an individual suspected of having been infected, comprising:
a graphene layer;
one or more SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring at least one electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer in response to an exposure of the functionalized graphene layer to a biological sample obtained from an individual.
26 . A sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a sample, comprising:
a graphene layer;
a plurality DNA probe molecules coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, wherein said DNA probe molecules exhibit specific binding to at least one target RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring at least one electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer.
27 . The sensor of claim 26 , wherein at least one of said DNA probe molecules has Seq. ID. 1.
28 . A sensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a biological sample, comprising:
at least a first and a second graphene-based sensing element,
wherein said first graphene-based sensing element comprises:
a graphene layer;
a plurality DNA probe molecules coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, wherein said DNA probe molecules exhibit specific binding to at least one target RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring at least one electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer, and
wherein said second graphene-based sensing element comprises:
a graphene layer;
a plurality antibodies coupled to said graphene layer to generate a functionalized graphene layer, wherein said antibodies exhibit specific binding to at least one epitope of SARS-CoV-2 virus; and
a plurality of electrical conductors electrically coupled to said functionalized graphene layer for measuring at least one electrical property of said functionalized graphene layer.