Methods for optical dielectric waveguide structures
An optical subassembly includes a planar dielectric waveguide structure that is deposited at temperatures below 400 C. The waveguide provides low film stress and low optical signal loss. Optical and electrical devices mounted onto the subassembly are aligned to planar optical waveguides using alignment marks and stops. Optical signals are delivered to the submount assembly via optical fibers. The dielectric stack structure used to fabricate the waveguide provides cavity walls that produce a cavity, within which optical, optoelectronic, and electronic devices can be mounted. The dielectric stack is deposited on an interconnect layer on a substrate, and the intermetal dielectric can contain thermally conductive dielectric layers to provide pathways for heat dissipation from heat generating optoelectronic devices such as lasers.
1. A method comprising
forming a first device;
forming an interconnection layer on the first device,
wherein the interconnection layer comprises at least an interconnection line,
wherein a terminal of the first device is connected to a first interconnection line of the at least an interconnection line;
forming a waveguide comprising a stack of two or more SiON layers on the interconnection layer,
wherein the two or more layers comprise at least two layers having different indexes of refraction,
wherein the processes to completely form the waveguide are limited to temperatures less than or equal to 400 C.
2. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises 3 to 20 layers of SiON layers.
3. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises repeated pairs of SiON layers.
4. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises 3 to 20 repeated pairs of SiON layers.
5. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises a material or an element that has a property changed at temperatures greater than 400 C.
6. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises an interconnect layer that is susceptible to be damaged at temperatures greater than 400 C.
7. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises a device fabricated thereon,
wherein the device or a connection element connected to the device is susceptible to be damaged at temperatures greater than 400 C.
8. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the layers of the stack comprise a stoichiometry of Si, O, and N to provide a stress having a magnitude less than or equal to 20 MPa.
9. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the buffer layer and the layers of the stack each comprises a stoichiometry of Si, O, and N to provide an index of refraction between 1.45 and 2.15 or between 1.6 and 2.05.
10. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the overall total thickness of the repeated stack is between 8 and 12 microns for a direct optical coupling with an optical fiber cable.
11. A method comprising
forming an interconnection layer on a substrate,
wherein the interconnection layer comprises at least an interconnection line;
forming a waveguide comprising a stack of two or more SiON layers on the interconnection layer,
wherein the two or more layers comprise at least two layers having different indexes of refraction,
wherein the processes to completely form the waveguide are limited to temperatures less than or equal to 400 C; and
forming a device optically coupled to the waveguide,
wherein a terminal of the device is connected to the at least an interconnection line.
12. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the buffer layer is thicker than or equal to 4 microns.
13. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises 3 to 20 layers of SiON layers.
14. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises repeated pairs of SiON layers.
15. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises 3 to 20 repeated pairs of SiON layers.
16. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the substrate comprises a device fabricated thereon,
wherein the device or a connection element connected to the device is susceptible to be damaged at temperatures greater than 400 C.
17. A method to form a waveguide comprising
forming a buffer layer comprising SiON on a substrate,
wherein a functionality of the substrate is susceptible to be degraded at temperatures greater than 400 C;
forming one or more SiON bottom spacer layers disposed on the buffer layer;
forming a stack of two or more SiON layers on the buffer layer,
wherein the stack of two or more layers comprise at least two layers having different indexes of refraction,
wherein the processes to completely form the waveguide are limited to temperatures less than or equal to 400 C;
forming one or more SiON top spacer layers disposed on the stack.
18. A method as in claim 17 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises repeated pairs of SiON layers.
19. A method as in claim 17 ,
wherein the stack of two or more SiON layers comprises 3 to 20 repeated pairs of SiON layers.
20. A method as in claim 17 ,
wherein the substrate comprises a device fabricated thereon,
wherein the device or a connection element connected to the device is susceptible to be damaged at temperatures greater than 400 C.