Compositions for electrolyte fuel cells and other electrochemical conversion devices
The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a fluoropolymer, a polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer (PILBC), and a catalyst, where the fluoropolymer is configured to affect ionic mobility, and the PILBC is configured to affect a property of the catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the property may include at least one of oxygen transport and/or an active site functionality of the catalyst.
1. A composition comprising:
a fluoropolymer;
a polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer; and
a catalyst, wherein:
the fluoropolymer is configured to affect ionic mobility, and
the polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer is configured to affect a property of the catalyst.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the property comprises at least one of oxygen transport or an active site functionality of the catalyst.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises at least one of polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, a perfluoroalkoxy polymer, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene, polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylenevinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-propylene, perfluoropolyether, or perfluorosulfonic acid.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the fluoropolymer has the structure
each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 comprises at least one of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, or a sulfonic acid group, and
1<n<10,000.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the fluoropolymer comprises at least one of
1<x<10,000, 1<y<10,000, and 1<z<10,000.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer comprises at least one of a first repeat unit or a second repeat unit,
the first repeat unit is defined by
the second repeat unit is defined by
A 2 is a first ionic functional group paired with a first counter ion (B + ),
A 3 is a second ionic functional group paired with a second counter ion (X − ),
1≤n≤1,000 and 1≤o≤1,000.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein:
the polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer further comprises a third repeat unit defined by
A 1 is a neutral functional group,
the neutral functional group comprises at least one of a hydrocarbon chain or an aromatic, and
1≤m≤1,000.
8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein A 2 − comprises a sulfonic group (—SO 3 − ).
9. The composition of claim 6 , wherein B + comprises a Group I element.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein B + comprises at least one of H + or Li + .
11. The composition of claim 6 , wherein A 3 comprises a nitrogen atom.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein A 3 + comprises at least one of
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein A 3 + comprises at least one of
14. The composition of claim 6 , wherein:
X − comprises at least one of
CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 SO 3 {circle around (⊖)} ,
BF 4 − , or PF 6 − ,
1≤a≤10 and 1≤a≤10.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein X − comprises
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer comprises at least one of
17. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive carbon.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the conductive carbon comprises at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, graphite, or oxidized acetylene black.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer and the polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer are present at a first mass ratio between 1:10 and 10:1.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer and the catalyst are present at a second mass ratio between 1:10 and 20:1.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the fluoropolymer and the conductive carbon are present at a third mass ratio between 1:10 and 1:1.