Ventricular assist system and method
Various embodiments of a ventricular assist system and a method of using such system are disclosed. The system includes a pump adapted to be connected to a heart of a patient, an outflow cannula including a first end adapted to be connected to an outlet of the pump and a second end adapted to be connected to an artery of the patient, and an electrode disposed on an outer surface of the outflow cannula and adapted to be disposed adjacent to an exterior wall of the heart. The system further includes a controller electrically connected to the pump and the electrode, where the controller is adapted to provide a pacing signal to the electrode.
1. A ventricular assist system comprising:
a pump adapted to be connected to a heart of a patient;
an outflow cannula comprising a first end adapted to be connected to an outlet of the pump and a second end adapted to be connected to an artery of the patient;
a plurality of pacing electrodes disposed on an outer surface of the outflow cannula and adapted to be disposed adjacent to an exterior wall of the heart; and
a controller electrically connected to the pump and the plurality of pacing electrodes, wherein the controller is adapted to provide a pacing signal to the heart of the patient via the plurality of pacing electrodes.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pacing electrodes is adapted to provide the pacing signal from the controller to the heart of the patient.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump electrode disposed on the pump and adapted to be disposed adjacent to the exterior wall of the heart, wherein the pump electrode comprises at least one of a sensing, a pacing, or a defibrillation electrode.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pacing signal comprises a first pacing signal, wherein a first pacing electrode of the plurality of pacing electrodes is adapted to provide the first pacing signal, and wherein a second pacing electrode of the plurality of pacing electrodes is adapted to provide a second pacing signal from the controller to the heart of the patient.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outflow cannula comprises a graft.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the graft comprises a gel-impregnated graft.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first defibrillation electrode disposed on the outer surface of the outflow cannula and a second defibrillation electrode disposed on either the outer surface of the outflow cannula or the pump, wherein the first and second defibrillation electrodes are adapted to be disposed adjacent to the exterior wall of the heart, wherein the first and second defibrillation electrodes are electrically connected to the controller and adapted to provide a defibrillation signal from the controller to the heart of the patient.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pump is adapted to be connected to a ventricle of a patient.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select different pacing electrodes of the plurality of pacing electrodes to deliver pacing signals having different pacing vectors to the heart.
10. A method comprising:
connecting an inflow cannula of a pump to a portion of a heart of a patient;
connecting an outlet of the pump to an outflow cannula;
connecting the outflow cannula to an artery of the patient;
electrically connecting a plurality of pacing electrodes disposed on an outer surface of the outflow cannula to a controller;
disposing the plurality of pacing electrodes adjacent to an exterior wall of the heart of the patient; and
delivering a pacing signal from the controller to the heart of the patient utilizing the plurality of pacing electrodes.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein delivering the pacing signal comprises delivering a first pacing signal utilizing at least a first electrode of the plurality of pacing electrodes, and wherein the method further comprises:
delivering a second pacing signal from the controller to the heart of the patient utilizing at least a second pacing electrode of the plurality of pacing electrodes.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein delivering the pacing signal from the controller to the heart of the patient utilizing the plurality of electrodes comprises:
selecting different pacing electrodes of the plurality of pacing electrodes to deliver pacing signals having different pacing vectors to the heart of the patient.
13. An outflow cannula for a ventricular assist system, the outflow cannula comprising:
a first end adapted to be connected to an outlet of a pump of the ventricular assist system and a second end adapted to be connected to an artery of a patient;
first and second pacing electrodes disposed on an outer surface of the outflow cannula and adapted to be disposed adjacent to an exterior wall of the heart, wherein each of the first and second pacing electrodes are adapted to be electrically connected to a controller, wherein the first pacing electrode is adapted to deliver a first pacing signal from the controller to the heart and the second pacing electrode is adapted to deliver a second pacing signal from the controller to the heart; and
a conductor disposed on the outer surface of the outflow cannula or within the outflow cannula and adapted to electrically connect the first and second pacing electrodes to the controller.
14. The outflow cannula of claim 13 , wherein each of the first and second pacing electrodes comprises a ring electrode or a coil electrode.
15. The outflow cannula of claim 13 , further comprising a third pacing electrode that is adapted to be connected to be electrically connected to the controller and deliver a third pacing signal from the controller to the heart.
16. The outflow cannula of claim 15 , wherein the third pacing electrode is disposed on the outer surface of the outflow cannula and adapted to be disposed adjacent to the exterior wall of the heart.
17. The outflow cannula of claim 15 , wherein the third pacing electrode is disposed on the pump and adapted to be disposed adjacent to the exterior wall of the heart.
18. The outflow cannula of claim 13 , further comprising a strain relief member disposed over a portion of the outflow cannula.
19. The outflow cannula of claim 18 , wherein a portion of the strain relief member is disposed between at least one of the first pacing electrode, the second pacing electrode, or a third pacing electrode and the outflow cannula.
20. The outflow cannula of claim 13 , further comprising a first defibrillation electrode disposed on the outer surface of the outflow cannula and a second defibrillation electrode disposed on either the outer surface of the outflow cannula or the pump, wherein the first and second defibrillation electrodes are adapted to be disposed adjacent to the exterior wall of the heart, wherein the first and second defibrillation electrodes are adapted to be electrically connected to the controller and provide a defibrillation signal from the controller to the heart of the patient.