Systems and methods for transportation mode determination using accelerometer
A method for determining a transportation mode acquires magnetometer and speed data from a mobile device, correlates the magnetometer to the speed data in groupings, and performs spectral analysis on the groups of magnetometer data. Energy calculated for each of a set of frequency components obtained from the spectral analysis is compared to a baseline value to generate a difference, and a transportation mode type is assigned to the vehicle based on the difference.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining, by a processor, accelerometer data from an accelerometer of a mobile device during a trip;
obtaining, by the processor, speed data from one or more sensors of the mobile device during the trip;
correlating, by the processor, the accelerometer data with the speed data;
separating, by the processor, the accelerometer data into one or more groupings based on the correlated accelerometer data;
performing, by the processor, a spectral analysis on magnitudes of the accelerometer data for each of the one or more groupings to obtain a plurality of frequency components;
determining, by the processor, an energy for each of the plurality of frequency components based on the spectral analysis;
determining, by the processor, a difference between the energy and a baseline energy of a plurality of baseline energies for each of the plurality of frequency components, wherein each baseline energy of the plurality of baseline energies is associated with at least one of: a transportation mode of a plurality of transportation modes, or a frequency component of the plurality of frequency components for a transportation mode; and
determining, by the processor, a transportation mode used for the trip based on one or more of the differences for one or more frequency components of the plurality of frequency components.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transportation mode is a car.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transportation mode is one of a bus, train, or subway.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is lower than the first sampling frequency.
6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
disabling the one or more sensors after determining the transportation mode.
7. A system, comprising:
one or more sensors configured to gather speed data;
an accelerometer; and
a processor configured to perform operations including:
obtaining accelerometer data during a trip;
obtaining speed data from the one or more sensors during the trip;
correlating the accelerometer data with the speed data;
separating the accelerometer data into one or more groupings based on the speed data;
performing a spectral analysis on magnitudes of the accelerometer data for each of the one or more groupings to obtain a plurality of frequency components;
determining an energy for each of the plurality of frequency components based on the spectral analysis;
determining a difference between the energy and a baseline energy of a plurality of baseline energies for each of the plurality of frequency components, wherein each baseline energy of the plurality of baseline energies is associated with at least one of: a transportation mode of a plurality of transportation modes, or a frequency component of the plurality of frequency components for a transportation mode; and
determining a transportation mode used for the trip based on one or more of the differences for one or more frequency components of the plurality of frequency components.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the one or more sensors and the accelerometer are part of a mobile device; and wherein the processor is separate from the mobile device.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the one or more sensors, the accelerometer, and the processor are part of a mobile device.
10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the transportation mode is a car.
11. The system claim 10 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform operations further including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency.
12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the transportation mode is one of a bus, a train, or a subway.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform operations including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is lower than the first sampling frequency.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further configured to perform operations including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
disabling the one or more sensors after determining the transportation mode.
15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including:
obtaining accelerometer data from an accelerometer in a mobile device during a trip;
obtaining speed data from one or more sensors of the mobile device during the trip;
correlating the accelerometer data with the speed data;
separating the accelerometer data into one or more groupings based on the speed data;
performing a spectral analysis on magnitudes of the accelerometer data for each of the one or more groupings to obtain a set of frequency components;
determining, based on the spectral analysis, an energy for each of the set of frequency components;
determining a difference between the energy and a baseline energy of a plurality of baseline energies for each of the set of frequency components, wherein each baseline energy of the plurality of base energies is associated with at least one of: a transportation mode of a plurality of transportation modes, or a frequency component of a plurality of frequency components for a transportation mode; and
determining a transportation mode used for the trip based on one or more of the differences for one or more frequency components of the plurality of frequency components.
16. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15 , further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations including determining the transportation mode used for the trip is a car.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 16 , further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 15 , further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations including determining the transportation mode used for the trip is one of one of a bus, a train, or a subway.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 18 , further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
operating the one or more sensors at a second sampling frequency after determining the transportation mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is lower than the first sampling frequency.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium as defined in claim 18 , further comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations including:
operating the one or more sensors at a first sampling frequency before determining the transportation mode; and
disabling the one or more sensors after determining the transportation mode.