Thermoplastic resins for network applications
The present disclosure relates to the use of thermoplastic resins in millimeter wave network applications. More specifically, it relates to polyamide materials meeting the requirements of dielectric performance in such applications.
1. An enclosure for protecting a radio antenna, the enclosure comprising:
a thermoplastic resin comprising:
85:15 to 96:4 wt:wt PA66:DI, wherein DI comprises a combination of 2-methyl-pentamethylenediamine and isophthalic acid,
glass fiber in a range of about 5 to about 20 wt %,
a flame-retardant additive in a range of up to about 20 wt %,
a UV additive in a range of up to about 3 wt %,
a heat stabilizer additive in a range of up to about 2 wt %, and
a colorant additive in a range of up to about 3 wt %
wherein
the radio antenna is configured for operation in a frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 81 GHz, and
the enclosure is free of portions and windows for transmission of an electromagnetic signal having a frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 81 GHz and that are free of the thermoplastic resin.
2. A method comprising:
transmitting electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in a range of 0.5 GHz to 81 GHz through an enclosure for protecting a radio antenna, the enclosure comprising
a thermoplastic resin comprising:
85:15 to 96:4 wt:wt PA66:DI, wherein DI comprises a combination of 2-methyl-pentamethylenediamine and isophthalic acid,
glass fiber in a range of about 5 to about 20 wt %,
a flame-retardant additive in a range of up to about 20 wt %,
a UV additive in a range of up to about 3 wt %,
a heat stabilizer additive in a range of up to about 2 wt %, and
a colorant additive in a range of up to about 3 wt %, and
the enclosure is free of portions and windows for transmission of an electromagnetic signal having a frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 81 GHz and that are free of the thermoplastic resin.
3. The enclosure of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure is configured to fully enclose the radio antenna.
4. The enclosure of claim 3 , wherein the enclosure has a uniform thickness.
5. The enclosure of claim 1 , wherein a relative weight gain of the enclosure due to moisture uptake is less than 4% upon equilibration in an atmosphere at 70° C. and 62% relative humidity, according to ISO 1110.
6. The enclosure of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure has:
a tensile strength in a range of from about 40 MPa to about 300 MPa,
a density in a range of from 0.7 g/cm 3 to 5 g/cm 3 ,
a un-notched Charpy impact resistance, at 23° C., in a range of from 40 kJ/m 2 to 150 kJ/m 2 , and
a signal attenuation of at least one of the following, when a direction of a signal impinging on the enclosure is normal to a surface of the enclosure, and wherein an enclosure thickness is substantially uniform across an area where the signal impinges on the enclosure:
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 500 MHz to 6 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 6 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 24 GHz to 30 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 36 GHz to 40 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 76 GHz to 81 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.
7. The enclosure of claim 1 , wherein a density of the enclosure is in a range of from greater than or equal to 0.7 g/cm 3 to less than or equal to 5 g/cm 3 .
8. The enclosure of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises from 10 to 20 wt % glass fibers.
9. The enclosure of claim 6 , wherein the enclosure has a tensile strength in a range of from 40 to 300 MPa.
10. The enclosure of claim 1 , having a substantially uniform signal attenuation of:
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 500 MHz to 6 GHz when an enclosure thickness is from 1.5 mm to 4 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 24 GHz to 30 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 2.5 mm to 4 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 36 GHz to 40 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 1.75 mm to 2.75 mm, or
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 76 GHz to 81 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 1.75 mm to 2.75 mm.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the enclosure is configured to fully enclose the radio antenna.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the enclosure has a uniform thickness.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a relative weight gain of the enclosure due to moisture uptake is less than 4% upon equilibration in an atmosphere at 70° C. and 62% relative humidity, according to ISSO 1110.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the enclosure has:
a tensile strength in a range of from about 40 MPa to about 300 MPa,
a density in a range of from 0.7 g/cm 3 to 5 g/cm 3 ,
a un-notched Charpy impact resistance, at 23° C. in a range of from 40 kJ/m 2 to 150 kJ/m 2 , and
a signal attenuation of at least one of the following, when a direction of a signal impinging on the enclosure is normal to a surface of the enclosure, and wherein an enclosure thickness is substantially uniform across an area where the signal impinges on the enclosure:
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 500 MHz to 6 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 6 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 24 GHz to 30 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 36 GHz to 40 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 76 GHz to 81 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm.
15. The method of claim 2 , wherein a density of the enclosure is in a range of from greater than or equal to 0.7 g/cm 3 to less than or equal to 5 g/cm 3 .
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises from 10 to 20 wt % glass fibers.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the enclosure has a tensile strength in a range of from 40 to 300 MPa.
18. The method of claim 2 , having a substantially uniform signal attenuation of:
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 500 MHz to 6 GHz when an enclosure thickness is from 1.5 mm to 4 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 24 GHz to 30 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 2.5 mm to 4 mm,
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 36 GHz to 40 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 1.75 mm to 2.75 mm, or
from 1 dB to 0 dB for signal of frequency 76 GHz to 81 GHz when the enclosure thickness is from 1.75 mm to 2.75 mm.
19. The enclosure of claim 7 , wherein a density of the enclosure is in a range of from greater than or equal to 0.8 g/cm 3 to less than or equal to 4 g/cm 3 .
20. The enclosure of claim 19 , wherein a density of the enclosure is in a range of from greater than or equal to 0.85 g/cm 3 to less than or equal to 3 g/cm 3 .