Distributed control system for beam steering applications
A technique is described where the switch and/or tunable control circuit for use with an active multi-mode antenna is positioned remote from the antenna structure itself for integration into host communication systems. Electrical delay and impedance characteristics are compensated for in the design and configuration of transmission lines or parasitic elements as the active multi-mode antenna structure is positioned in optimal locations such that significant electrical delay is introduced between the RF front-end circuit and multi-mode antenna. This technique can be implemented in designs where it is convenient to locate switches in a front-end module (FEM) and the FEM is located in vicinity to the transceiver.
1. An antenna system comprising:
a multi-mode antenna configurable in a plurality of modes, each of the plurality of modes having a distinct radiation pattern, the multi-mode antenna comprising:
a radiating element comprising a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the vertical portion disposed on a ground plane, the horizontal portion extending from the vertical portion such that an antenna volume is defined between the ground plane and the horizontal portion of the radiating element; and
a parasitic element positioned outside of the antenna volume, the parasitic element including a vertical portion and a horizontal portion, the vertical portion of the parasitic element extending from the ground plane, the horizontal portion of the parasitic element extending from the vertical portion of the parasitic element such that the horizontal portion of the parasitic element is spaced apart from the ground plane;
wherein the antenna system further comprises:
a conductor that is spaced apart from the ground plane, the conductor coupled between the parasitic element and an active tuning circuit configured to vary a reactance of the parasitic element to configure the multi-mode antenna in one of the plurality of modes, the conductor coupled to the parasitic element at a junction where the vertical portion of the parasitic element and the horizontal portion of the parasitic element meet.
2. The antenna system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a transmission line coupled between the radiating element and the active tuning circuit.
3. The antenna system of claim 2 , wherein the transmission line comprises a coaxial transmission line, a microstrip transmission line, a stripline transmission line, a co-planar waveguide, or a parallel wire transmission line.
4. The antenna system of claim 2 , wherein the transmission line comprises a single conductive trace.
5. The antenna system claim 2 , further comprising:
a transformer circuit coupled between the transmission line and the active tuning circuit.
6. The antenna system of claim 5 , wherein the transformer circuit comprises one or more passive electrical components.
7. The antenna system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more passive electrical components comprise one or more inductors, one or more capacitors, or one or more resistors.
8. The antenna system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a transmission line coupled between the active tuning circuit and the conductor.
9. The antenna system of claim 8 , wherein the transmission line comprises a conductive trace.