Stabilization and reduction of TCT of divalent iodide-containing brines
A composition for use in a wellbore activity, the composition comprising a stabilized divalent iodide brine, the stabilized divalent iodide brine comprises a divalent salt system, where the divalent salt system comprises a divalent iodide, an primary iodide stabilizer, the primary iodide stabilizer operable to remove free iodine, prevent the formation of free iodine, and suppress TCT, and an aqueous fluid, where the stabilized divalent iodide brine has a density greater than 11 lb/gal, where the stabilized divalent iodide brines has a TCT of less than or equal to 70 deg F.
1. A method of using a stabilized divalent iodide brine during a wellbore activity, the method comprising the steps of:
introducing the stabilized divalent iodide brine into a wellbore, the stabilized divalent iodide brine comprising:
a divalent salt system, where the divalent salt system comprises a divalent iodide present in an amount between 1 wt % and 70 wt %, wherein the divalent iodide is selected from the group consisting of calcium iodide, magnesium iodide, strontium iodide, and combinations of the same;
a primary iodide stabilizer, the primary iodide stabilizer operable to remove free iodine and prevent the formation of free iodine, wherein the primary iodide stabilizer comprises a low molecular weight polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, mannitol, diglycerol, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight less than 1000 Da, and combinations of the same;
a secondary iodide stabilizer, the secondary iodide stabilizer operable to scavenge free oxygen or carbon dioxide and prevent oxidation of the iodide to iodine, the secondary iodide stabilizer selected from the group consisting of amines, amino alcohols, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, erythorbic acid and derivative erythorbate salts, ascorbic acid and derivative ascorbate salts, citric acid and derivative citrate salts, and combinations of the same;
an aqueous fluid;
completing the wellbore activity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wellbore activity is selected from the group consisting of drilling, reservoir drilling, completion activities, workover activities, well intervention activities, and activities using a packer fluid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent salt system further comprises an additional halide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary iodide stabilizer is present in the range between 0.1 wt % and 35 wt % of the stabilized iodide brine.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the additional halide is selected from the group consisting of a divalent halide, a monovalent halide, and combinations of the same.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the additional halide comprises a divalent halide selected from the group consisting of calcium bromide, calcium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium chloride, strontium bromide, strontium chloride, and combinations of the same.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the additional halide comprises a monovalent halide selected from the group consisting of sodium bromide, sodium chloride, sodium iodide, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, cesium bromide, cesium chloride, cesium iodide, rubidium bromide, rubidium chloride, rubidium iodide and combinations of the same.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the divalent iodide is present in the range between 1 wt % and 70 wt % of the stabilized divalent iodide brine, and further wherein the additional halide is present in the range between 1 wt % and 45 wt %, and further wherein the primary iodide stabilizer is present in the range between 0.1 wt % and 35 wt % of the stabilized divalent iodide brine.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary iodide stabilizer is present in the range between 0.001% v/v and 5% v/v.
10. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises an amine selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), aminoethylpiperazine (AEP), hex aethyleneheptamine (HEHA), piperazine, methoxypropylamine (MOPA), morpholine, n-aminopropylmorpholine (APM), and combinations of the same.
11. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises an amino alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), diethylaminoethanol (DEAE), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), N-[3-aminopropyl]diethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), 4-[2-hydroxyethyl]morpholine, diglycolamine, and combinations of the same.
12. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises an hydroxylamine selected from the group consisting of diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), dimethylhydroxylamine (DMHA), hydroxylamine, and combinations of the same.
13. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises sodium erthyorbate.
14. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises a derivative ascorbate salt selected from the group consisting of sodium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate and combinations of the same.
15. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer comprises a derivative citrate salt selected from the group consisting of mono-, di-, and tri-sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium citrate, and combinations of the same.
16. The method of claim 1 , where the secondary iodide stabilizer is selected form the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA), aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), and combinations of the same.
17. A method of creating a stabilized divalent iodide brine, the method comprising the steps of:
adding an amount of a divalent salt system to an aqueous fluid, where the divalent salt system comprises a divalent iodide present in an amount between 1 wt % and 70 wt %, wherein the divalent iodide is selected from the group consisting of calcium iodide, magnesium iodide, strontium iodide, and combinations of the same;
adding an amount of a primary iodide stabilizer, the primary iodide stabilizer operable to remove free iodine and prevent the formation of free iodine, wherein the primary iodide stabilizer comprises a low molecular weight polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, mannitol, diglycerol, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight less than 1000 Da, and combinations of the same; and
adding a secondary iodide stabilizer, the secondary iodide stabilizer operable to scavenge free oxygen or carbon dioxide and prevent oxidation of the iodide to iodine, the secondary iodide stabilizer selected from the group consisting of amines, amino alcohols, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, erythorbic acid and derivative erythorbate salts, ascorbic acid and derivative ascorbate salts, citric acid and derivative citrate salts, and combinations of the same.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the step of adding an additional halide.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the primary iodide stabilizer is present in the range between 0.1 wt % and 35 wt % of the stabilized iodide brine.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the secondary iodide stabilizer is present in the range between 0.001% v/v and 5% v/v.