Systems and processes for producing fixed-nitrogen compounds
Systems and methods for producing nitrates, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof are disclosed. The systems may include a feed conduit configured for receiving a feed stream comprising molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen; an inlet conduit configured for receiving an inlet stream; a plasma reactor fluidically coupled to the inlet conduit, the plasma reactor fluidically coupled to a reactor-outlet conduit configured for receiving the reactor-outlet stream, the plasma reactor configured to produce oxidized nitrogen species; and an absorber fluidically coupled to the reactor-outlet conduit, the absorber configured to receive the reactor outlet stream and to produce nitrates, nitrites, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof from the reactor outlet stream. A recycle conduit may be fluidically coupled to the absorber and the inlet conduit, wherein the recycle conduit is configured to receive the gas-phase stream from the absorber and provide the gas-phase stream to the inlet conduit.
1. A method for producing nitrates, nitrites, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof, the method comprising:
producing an effluent stream comprising one or more oxidized nitrogen species from using a plasma reactor, the plasma reactor producing the one or more oxidized nitrogen species by producing a plasma comprising nitrogen and oxygen from an inlet stream comprising nitrogen and oxygen;
producing one or more of NO, NO 2 , nitric acid, nitrates, nitrites, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof from the effluent stream comprising the one or more oxidized nitrogen species using an absorber;
removing at least a portion of the one or more oxidized nitrogen species from the effluent stream using the absorber, such that the absorber produces a gas phase stream and a liquid phase, wherein the liquid phase comprises the produced nitrates, nitrites, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof;
combining the gas phase stream produced by the absorber with a feed stream comprising air;
pressurizing the combined gas phase stream produced by the absorber and the feed stream to a pressure from 1 psig to 10 psig using a first blower or a first compressor; and
recycling the combined gas phase stream produced by the absorber and the feed stream to the inlet stream, such that the inlet stream comprises the gas phase stream produced by the absorber and the feed stream.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma of nitrogen and oxygen is produced as non-thermal plasma of nitrogen and oxygen.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the absorber removes the at least a portion of the one or more oxidized nitrogen species from the effluent stream by bubbling the effluent stream through the liquid phase.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase comprises one or more of water and a basic compound chosen from calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and a mixture thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas phase stream is fluidically coupled to an oxidation chamber comprising a reaction volume to enhance the oxidation of nitrogen species with oxygen, ozone, or heterogeneous catalysis.
6. The method of 5 , wherein the oxidation chamber contains a catalyst comprising of platinum, palladium, rhodium, alumina, molybdenum, oxides thereof, or a mixture thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises molecular oxygen to molecular nitrogen in a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 5:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises molecular oxygen to molecular nitrogen in a weight ratio of about 3:2 to about 4:1.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
pressurizing or depressurizing, using a second blower or a second compressor, one or more of the inlet stream and the effluent stream.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recycled stream provides unabsorbed oxidized nitrogen species to the plasma reactor.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising: equilibrating the pressure in the effluent stream and the recycled stream.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising: reducing the pressure drop across the absorber.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a bypass valve is opened to allow the pressure upstream from the absorber to equal the pressure downstream the absorber.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the bypass valve is fluidically coupled to the effluent stream and fluidically coupled to the recycle stream.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purging the gas phase stream produced by the absorber prior to combining the gas phase stream produced by the absorber with the feed stream.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein purging the gas phase stream produced by the absorber reduces the pressure of the gas phase stream produced by the absorber.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein a purge stream produced by purging the gas phase stream is located downstream from the absorber and upstream from the combined gas phase stream produced by the absorber and the feed stream.