Electro-optic displays and driving methods

1. A driving method for driving a pixel of an electrophoretic display comprising a first surface on a viewing side, a second surface on a non-viewing side, and an electrophoretic fluid disposed between a first light-transmissive electrode and a second electrode, the electrophoretic fluid comprising a first type of particles, a second type of particles, a third type of particles, and a fourth type of particles, all of which are dispersed in a solvent,

wherein

a. the four types of pigment particles have different optical characteristics;

b. the first type of particles and the third type of particles are positively charged, wherein the first type of particles have a greater magnitude of positive charge than the third particles; and

c. the second type of particles and the fourth type of particles are negatively charged, wherein the second type of particles have a greater magnitude of negative charge than the fourth type of particles;

the driving method comprises the steps of:

(i) applying a first driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a first period of time at a first amplitude to drive the third type particle towards the viewing side;

(ii) applying a second driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a second period of time at a second amplitude to drive second type particle towards the viewing side; and

(iii) applying a third driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a third period of time at a third amplitude to drive the fourth type particle towards the non-viewing side, and

(iv) applying the second driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for the second period of time at the second amplitude to drive the pixel to a color state of the second type of particle at the viewing side;

(v) before step (i), applying a fifth driving voltage to the pixel of the electro-optic display for a fifth period of time at a fifth amplitude, wherein the amplitude of the fifth driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the first driving voltage, the polarity of the fifth driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the first driving voltage, the fifth period of time is different from the first period of time, and wherein the fifth period of time is different from the second period of time;

wherein the amplitude of the first driving voltage is different from the amplitude of the third driving voltage, the first period of time is different from the third period of time, and the polarity of the first diving voltage is the same as the polarity of the third driving voltage;

wherein the amplitude of the second driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the first driving voltage, and the polarity of the second driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the first driving voltage; and

wherein the amplitude of the second driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the third driving voltage, the third period of time is longer than the second period of time, and the polarity of the second driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the third driving voltage.

2. The driving method of claim 1 further comprising applying no driving voltage to the display pixel for a fourth period of time after the step (i) and before the step (ii).

3. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein a combination of step (iii) followed by step (iv) is repeated to a total of at least 3 times after step (ii).

4. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the amplitude of the third driving voltage is less than 50% of the amplitude of the second driving voltage.

5. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein a combination of step (v) followed by step (i) is repeated at least one time before applying the second driving voltage.

6. The driving method of claim 5 , wherein a combination of step (iii) followed by step (iv) is repeated at least three times after step (ii).

7. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the color of the second type of particles is yellow, and the color of the fourth type of particles in white.

8. The driving method of claim 7 , wherein the color of the first type of particles is black and the color of the third type of particles is red.

9. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the color of the second type of particles is red, and the color of the fourth type of particles in white.

10. The driving method of claim 9 , wherein the color of the first type of particles is black and the color of the third type of particles is yellow.

11. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the electrophoretic fluid comprises yellow charged particles and red charge particles, wherein the yellow charged particles and the red charged particles carry the same charge polarity, and wherein the yellow charged particles carry higher charge than the red charged particles.

12. A driving method for driving a pixel of an electrophoretic display comprising a first surface on a viewing side, a second surface on a non-viewing side, and an electrophoretic fluid disposed between a first light-transmissive electrode and a second electrode, the electrophoretic fluid comprising a first type of particles, a second type of particles, a third type of particles, and a fourth type of particles, all of which are dispersed in a solvent,

wherein

a. the four types of pigment particles have different optical characteristics;

b. the first type of particles and the third type of particles are positively charged, wherein the first type of particles have a greater magnitude of positive charge than the third particles; and

c. the second type of particles and the fourth type of particles are negatively charged, wherein the second type of particles have a greater magnitude of negative charge than the fourth type of particles;

the driving method comprises the steps of:

(i) applying a first driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a first period of time at a first amplitude to drive the third type particle towards the viewing side;

(ii) applying a second driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a second period of time at a second amplitude to drive second type particle towards the viewing side; and

(iii) applying a third driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for a third period of time at a third amplitude to drive the fourth type particle towards the non-viewing side, and

(iv) applying the second driving voltage to the pixel of the electrophoretic display for the second period of time at the second amplitude to drive the pixel to a color state of the second type of particle at the viewing side;

wherein a combination of step (iii) followed by step (iv) is repeated to a total of at least 3 times after step (ii);

wherein the amplitude of the first driving voltage is different from the amplitude of the third driving voltage, the first period of time is different from the third period of time, and the polarity of the first diving voltage is the same as the polarity of the third driving voltage;

wherein the amplitude of the second driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the first driving voltage, and the polarity of the second driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the first driving voltage; and

wherein the amplitude of the second driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the third driving voltage, the third period of time is longer than the second period of time, and the polarity of the second driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the third driving voltage.

13. The driving method of claim 12 further comprising applying no driving voltage to the display pixel for a fourth period of time after the step (i) and before the step (ii).

14. The driving method of claim 12 , wherein the amplitude of the third driving voltage is less than 50% of the amplitude of the second driving voltage.

15. The driving method of claim 12 , wherein the method further comprises a step (v) of: before step (i), applying a fifth driving voltage to the pixel of the electro-optic display for a fifth period of time at a fifth amplitude, wherein the amplitude of the fifth driving voltage is larger than the amplitude of the first driving voltage, the polarity of the fifth driving voltage is opposite to the polarity of the first driving voltage, the fifth period of time is different from the first period of time, and wherein the fifth period of time is different from the second period of time.

16. The driving method of claim 15 , wherein a combination of step (v) followed by step (i) is repeated at least one time before applying the second driving voltage.

17. The driving method of claim 12 , wherein the color of the second type of particles is yellow, and the color of the fourth type of particles in white.

18. The driving method of claim 17 , wherein the color of the first type of particles is black and the color of the third type of particles is red.

19. The driving method of claim 12 , wherein the color of the second type of particles is red, and the color of the fourth type of particles in white.