Method for nanopore RNA characterization
The invention relates to a new method of characterising a target RNA polynucleotide by taking one or more measurements as the target RNA polynucleotide moves with respect to a transmembrane pore. The movement is controlled by a DNA helicase. The invention also relates to a modified RNA construct wherein the RNA polynucleotide has been modified to increase DNA helicase binding thereto.
1. A method of characterising a target RNA polynucleotide comprising:
(a) contacting (i) an RNA polynucleotide that is modified to comprise a single stranded DNA polynucleotide and (ii) a polynucleotide binding protein;
(b) controlling movement of the RNA polynucleotide through a transmembrane pore using the polynucleotide binding protein;
(c) taking one or more measurements as the RNA polynucleotide moves through the transmembrane pore, wherein the one or more measurements are indicative of the secondary structure of the RNA polynucleotide, thereby characterising the target RNA polynucleotide.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the single stranded DNA polynucleotide comprises a polynucleotide binding protein binding site or a DNA adaptor.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the polynucleotide binding protein binding site or the DNA adaptor comprises a leader sequence.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the single stranded DNA polynucleotide is attached to the RNA polynucleotide by means of a covalent bond formed between at least one reactive group on each of the RNA polynucleotide and the non-RNA polynucleotide.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the single stranded DNA polynucleotide is ligated to the RNA polynucleotide by chemical or enzymatic ligation.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein (c) comprises measuring a current passing through the transmembrane pore as the RNA polynucleotide moves through the transmembrane pore, wherein the current is indicative of the secondary structure of the RNA polynucleotide, thereby characterising the RNA polynucleotide.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the RNA polynucleotide comprises modification by methylation, by oxidation, by damage, with one or more proteins, base analogues or with one or more labels, tags or spacers.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the RNA polynucleotide is coupled to a membrane using one or more anchors.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide binding protein comprises a modification to reduce the size of an opening in a polynucleotide binding domain through which in at least one conformational state the RNA polynucleotide can unbind from the polynucleotide binding protein.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmembrane pore is a protein pore or a solid state pore.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmembrane pore is a hemolysin, leukocidin, Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA), MspB, MspC, MspD, CsgG, lysenin, outer membrane porin F (OmpF), outer membrane porin G (OmpG), outer membrane phospholipase A, Neisseria autotransporter lipoprotein (NalP) or WZA protein pore.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide binding protein binds to the single stranded DNA polynucleotide in (a).
13. A method of moving a RNA polynucleotide through a transmembrane pore when the movement is controlled by a polynucleotide binding protein, comprising:
(a) contacting (i) an RNA polynucleotide that is modified to comprise a non-RNA polynucleotide and (ii) a polynucleotide binding protein;
(b) contacting the RNA polynucleotide and polynucleotide binding protein provided in (a) with a transmembrane pore such that the polynucleotide binding protein controls the movement of the RNA polynucleotide through the transmembrane pore.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the method comprises binding the polynucleotide binding protein to the RNA polynucleotide before (b).
15. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the RNA polynucleotide is modified to comprise a polynucleotide binding protein binding site or a DNA adaptor.
16. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the polynucleotide binding protein comprises a modification to reduce the size of an opening in a polynucleotide binding domain through which in at least one conformational state the RNA polynucleotide can unbind from the polynucleotide binding protein.
17. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the transmembrane pore is a protein pore or a solid state pore.
18. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the transmembrane pore is a hemolysin, leukocidin, Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA), MspB, MspC, MspD, CsgG, lysenin, outer membrane porin F (OmpF), outer membrane porin G (OmpG), outer membrane phospholipase A, Neisseria autotransporter lipoprotein (NalP) or WZA protein pore.
19. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the polynucleotide binding protein binds to the non-RNA polynucleotide in (a).
20. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the non-RNA polynucleotide is a single stranded DNA polynucleotide.