Driving thin film switchable optical devices
Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range.
1. A controller for controlling an optical state of an optically switchable device, the controller comprising:
circuitry for applying voltage or providing instructions to apply voltage between bus bars on the optically switchable device, wherein the bus bars are separated by a distance of at least about 30 inches, and wherein the bus bars are electrically connected with transparent conductive layers of the optically switchable device; and
a processing component configured to cause:
supplying an applied voltage (V app ) to the bus bars to transition the optically switchable device from a first optical state to a second optical state,
wherein the V app is controlled based at least in part on:
(a) a sheet resistance of the transparent conductive layers,
(b) the distance between the bus bars, and
(c) an instantaneous local current density in the optically switchable device,
wherein a magnitude of the V app changes based on the instantaneous local current density as the optically switchable device transitions from the first optical state to the second optical state, and
wherein application of the V app to the bus bars results in an effective voltage of at least about 1 Volt (V) at all locations between the bus bars of the optically switchable device.
2. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between about 2.3 and 6 V.
3. The controller of claim 2 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between 2.5 and 5 V.
4. The controller of claim 3 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between 3.5 and 5 V.
5. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 4 V.
6. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 2.5 V.
7. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 1.8 V and above a minimum effective voltage of about 1.2 V.
8. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the bus bars are angled bus bars disposed at vertices of the optically switchable device, and wherein the V app is controlled based at least in part on a geometry of the bus bars.
9. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the bus bars is at least about 40 inches.
10. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is at least about 0.5 V greater than a maximum effective voltage that avoids damaging the optically switchable device.
11. The controller of claim 10 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is at least about 1.5 V greater than the maximum effective voltage.
12. A controller for controlling an optical state of an optically switchable device, the controller comprising:
circuitry for applying voltage or providing instructions to apply voltage between bus bars on the optically switchable device, wherein the bus bars are separated by a distance of at least about 30 inches, and wherein the bus bars are electrically connected with transparent conductive layers of the optically switchable device; and
a processing component configured to cause:
supplying an applied voltage (V app ) to the bus bars to transition the optically switchable device from a first optical state to a second optical state,
wherein the V app is controlled based at least in part on:
(a) a sheet resistance of the transparent conductive layers,
(b) the distance between the bus bars, and
(c) an instantaneous local current density in the optically switchable device,
wherein a magnitude of the V app changes based on an ohmic drop as the optically switchable device transitions from the first optical state to the second optical state, and
wherein application of the V app to the bus bars results in an effective voltage of at least about 1 Volt (V) at all locations between the bus bars of the optically switchable device.
13. The controller of claim 12 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between about 2.3 and 6 V.
14. The controller of claim 13 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between 2.5 and 5 V.
15. The controller of claim 14 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is between 3.5 and 5 V.
16. The controller of claim 12 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 4 V.
17. The controller of claim 12 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 2.5 V.
18. The controller of claim 11 , wherein the effective voltage remains below a maximum effective voltage of about 1.8 V and above a minimum effective voltage of about 1.2 V.
19. The controller of claim 11 , wherein the bus bars are angled bus bars disposed at vertices of the optically switchable device, and wherein the V app is controlled based at least in part on a geometry of the bus bars.
20. The controller of claim 11 , wherein the distance between the bus bars is at least about 40 inches.
21. The controller of claim 11 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is at least about 0.5 V greater than a maximum effective voltage that avoids damaging the optically switchable device.
22. The controller of claim 21 , wherein the magnitude of the V app is at least about 1.5 V greater than the maximum effective voltage.