Treatment of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract with a JAK or other kinase inhibitor

1. A method of treating a gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising:

topically administering to the subject a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor selected from abrocitinib, baricitinib, decernotinib (VX509), filgotinib, itacitinib, lestaurtinib, momelotinib, cerdulatinib, oclacitinib, peficitinib, pacritinib, cucurbitacin I, PF-06651600, PF-06700841, R333 (R932333), R348 (R932348), ruxolitinib, solcitinib, ustekinumab, guselkumab, brazikumab, TD-1473, TD-3504, tofacitinib and upadacitinib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof, said topical administration comprising:

orally administering an ingestible device to the subject, said device containing the pharmaceutical formulation, wherein the device comprises a self-localization mechanism configured to determine a location of the device based on anatomy; and

releasing the pharmaceutical formulation from the device (a) to a section or subsection of the subject's GI tract containing one or more inflammatory disease sites; or (b) proximal to a section or subsection of the subject's GI tract containing one or more inflammatory disease sites;

thereby providing a ratio of the JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's GI tissue to the JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's blood, serum, or plasma ranging from about 2:1 to about 3000:1 and treating at least one of the one or more disease sites.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining the device location within the subject's GI tract via the device self-localization mechanism.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the device location within the subject's GI tract via the device self-localization mechanism comprises detecting one or more device transitions between portions of the subject's GI tract; optionally, the one or more device transitions occurs between portions of the GI tract selected from the group consisting of: mouth and stomach; esophagus and stomach; stomach and duodenum; duodenum and jejunum; jejunum and ileum; ileum and cecum; and cecum and ascending colon; and combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the device self-localizes to the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, or traverse colon with at least 80% accuracy; optionally, with at least 85% accuracy.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the release of the formulation from the device is autonomously triggered based on the self-localization of the device to a pre-selected location within the subject's GI tract; optionally, the pre-selected location is selected from the group consisting of the stomach, the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the cecum, the ascending colon, and the traverse colon.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the release of the formulation from the device occurs at substantially the same time as the device self-localizes to the pre-selected location.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method provides a ratio of JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's GI tissue to JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's blood, serum, or plasma ranging from about 2:1 to about 2000:1, about 2:1 to about 1000:1, or about 2:1 to about 600:1.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the JAK inhibitor is an induction dose.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the JAK inhibitor is a maintenance dose.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the JAK inhibitor is present in the pharmaceutical formulation at a concentration of at least about 75% (w/w), about 80% (w/w), about 85% (w/w), or at least about 90% (w/w); optionally, at least about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99% (w/w).

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the small molecule is tofacitinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof.

12. A method of treating an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:

topically administering a pharmaceutical formulation from an ingestible device comprising a self-localization mechanism configured to determine a location of the device based on anatomy, the pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of tofacitinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (a) to a section or subsection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the subject; or (b) proximal to a section or subsection of the GI tract of the subject; wherein said section or subsection contains one or more inflammatory disease sites,

thereby providing a ratio of the tofacitinib or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof concentration in the subject's GI tissue to the tofacitinib or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof concentration in the subject's blood, serum, or plasma ranging from about 2:1 to about 3000:1 and treating at least one of the one or more inflammatory disease sites.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pharmaceutical formulation is contained in an ingestible device, and the method further comprises determining the device location within the subject's GI tract via the device self-localization mechanism.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the device location within the subject's GI tract via the device self-localization mechanism comprises detecting one or more device transitions between portions of the subject's GI tract; optionally, the one or more device transitions occurs between portions of the GI tract selected from the group consisting of: mouth and stomach; esophagus and stomach; stomach and duodenum; duodenum and jejunum; jejunum and ileum; ileum and cecum; and cecum and ascending colon; and combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the topical administration comprises:

orally administering the ingestible device to the subject; and

releasing the pharmaceutical formulation from the device (a) to a section or subsection of the subject's GI tract containing one or more inflammatory disease sites; or (b) proximal to a section or subsection of the subject's GI tract containing one or more inflammatory disease sites.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method provides a ratio of the tofacitinib or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof concentration in the subject's GI tissue to the tofacitinib or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof concentration in the subject's blood, serum, or plasma ranging from about 2:1 to about 2000:1, about 2:1 to about 1000:1, or about 2:1 to about 600:1.

17. An ingestible device comprising:

a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor selected from abrocitinib, baricitinib, decernotinib (VX509), filgotinib, itacitinib, lestaurtinib, momelotinib, cerdulatinib, oclacitinib, peficitinib, pacritinib, cucurbitacin I, PF-06651600, PF-06700841, R333 (R932333), R348 (R932348), ruxolitinib, solcitinib, ustekinumab, guselkumab, brazikumab, TD-1473, TD-3504, tofacitinib and upadacitinib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or metabolite thereof;

one or more processing devices; and

one more machine-readable hardware storage devices storing instructions that are executable by the one or more processing devices to (a) determine a location of the ingestible device based on anatomy in the GI tract of the subject; and (b) release the formulation from the device at a pre-selected location of the GI tract to provide a ratio of the JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's GI tissue to the JAK inhibitor concentration in the subject's blood, serum, or plasma ranging from about 2:1 to about 3000:1;

wherein the ingestible device is a self-localizing ingestible device configured for use in treating an inflammatory gastrointestinal disease or condition in a subject.

18. The ingestible device of claim 17 , wherein the device self-localizes in the pre-selected location of the GI tract of the subject with an accuracy of at least 80%; optionally, the pre-selected location is selected from the group consisting of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and traverse colon.

19. The ingestible device of claim 18 , further comprising:

a housing;

a force generator located within the housing; and

a storage reservoir located within the housing, wherein the storage reservoir stores the pharmaceutical formulation;

wherein the ingestible device is configured such that the force generator generates a force, thereby initiating the release of the formulation from the ingestible device into the pre-selected location of the GI tract.