COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE REDUCTION OR TREATMENT OF FIBROSIS
This disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing or treating fibrosis, e.g., in a subject having a fibrotic condition or disorder.
1 . A method for reducing fibrosis in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising:
a) a leucine amino acid entity,
b) an arginine amino acid entity,
c) glutamine amino acid entity; and
d) a N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-entity;
provided that:
the fibrosis is not liver fibrosis,
thereby reducing the fibrosis in the subject.
2 . A method of treating a fibrotic condition or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising:
a) a leucine-amino acid entity
b) an arginine-amino acid entity,
c) glutamine-amino acid entity; and
d) NAC-entity;
provided that:
the fibrotic condition or disorder is not a liver fibrotic condition or disorder,
thereby treating the fibrotic condition or disorder.
3 . A composition for use in reducing fibrosis in a subject, comprising an effective amount of a composition comprising:
a) a leucine amino acid entity,
b) an arginine amino acid entity,
c) glutamine amino acid entity; and
d) a N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-entity;
provided that:
the fibrosis is not liver fibrosis.
4 . A composition for use in intreating a fibrotic condition or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising an effective amount of a composition comprising:
a) a leucine-amino acid entity
b) an arginine-amino acid entity,
c) glutamine-amino acid entity; and
d) NAC-entity;
provided that:
the fibrotic condition or disorder is not a liver fibrotic condition or disorder.
5 . The method of claim 1 or 2 , or composition for use of claim 3 or 4 , wherein the fibrotic condition or disorder is chosen from a lung fibrotic condition or disorder, a heart or vasculature fibrotic condition or disorder, a kidney fibrotic condition or disorder, a pancreas fibrotic condition or disorder, a skin fibrotic condition or disorder, a gastrointestinal fibrotic condition or disorder, a bone marrow or hematopoietic tissue fibrotic condition or disorder, a nervous system fibrotic condition or disorder, an eye fibrotic condition or disorder, or a combination thereof.
6 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 5 , wherein administration of the composition results in a reduction or inhibition of one, two, three, four, five, six, or more (e.g., all) of:
(a) formation or deposition of tissue fibrosis;
(b) the size, cellularity, composition, or cellular content, of a fibrotic lesion;
(c) the collagen of a fibrotic lesion;
(d) the collagen or hydroxyproline content, of a fibrotic lesion;
(e) expression or activity of a fibrogenic protein;
(f) fibrosis associated with an inflammatory response; or
(g) weight loss associated with fibrosis.
7 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , 5 , or 6 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 6 , wherein the method further comprises determining the level of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, 11, or more (e.g., all) of the following: (a) Col1a1; (b) FGF-21; (c) hydroxyproline content; (d) IL-1β; (e) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), e.g., MMP-13, MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, MMP-3, or MMP-10; (f) N-terminal fragment of type III collagen (proC3); (g) PIIINP (N-Terminal Propeptide of Type III Collagen); (h) α-smooth muscle actin (aSMA); (i) TGF-β; (j) tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP); e.g., TIMP1 or TIMP2; (k) Acta2; or (l) Hsp47.
8 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 7 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 7 , wherein the total wt. % of (a)-(d) is greater than the total wt. % of one, two, or three of other amino acid entity components, non-amino acid entity protein components (e.g., whey protein), or non-protein components in the composition (e.g., in dry form).
9 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 8 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 8 , wherein the composition comprises a combination of 18 or fewer amino acid entities.
10 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 9 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 9 , wherein the composition does not comprise a peptide of more than 20 amino acid residues in length (e.g., whey protein), or if a peptide of more than 20 amino acid residues in length is present, the peptide is present at less than: 10 weight (wt.) % of the total wt. of protein components or total components the composition (e.g., in dry form).
11 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 10 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 10 , wherein at least one, two, three, or four (e.g., all) of methionine (M), tryptophan (W), valine (V), or cysteine (C) is absent, or if present, are present at less than: 10 wt. % of the composition (e.g., in dry form).
12 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 11 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 11 , wherein at least one, two, three, or more (e.g., all) of (a)-(d) is selected from Table 1.
13 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 12 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 12 , wherein the composition further comprises one or both of (e) an isoleucine amino acid entity or (f) a valine amino acid entity.
14 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 13 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 13 , wherein the wt. ratio of the leucine amino acid entity, the arginine amino acid entity, the glutamine amino acid entity, and the NAC-amino acid entity is 1+/−20%:1.5+/−20%:2+/−20%:0.15+/−20%.
15 . The method of claim 13 or 14 , or composition for use of claim 13 or 14 , wherein the wt. ratio of the leucine amino acid entity, the isoleucine amino acid entity, the valine amino acid entity, the arginine amino acid entity, the glutamine amino acid entity, and the NAC-amino acid entity is 1+/−20%:0.5+/−20%:0.5+/−20%:1.5+/−20%:2+/−20%:0.15+/−20%.
16 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 15 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 15 , wherein the composition comprises:
a) an leucine amino acid entity chosen from:
i) L-leucine or a salt thereof,
ii) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-leucine, or
iii) β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) or a salt thereof;
b) an arginine amino acid entity chosen from:
i) L-arginine or a salt thereof,
ii) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-arginine,
iii) creatine or a salt thereof, or
iv) a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising creatine;
c) the glutamine amino acid entity is L-glutamine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-glutamine; and
d) the NAC entity is NAC or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, comprising NAC.
17 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 16 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 16 , wherein the composition further comprises one or both of:
e) L-isoleucine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-isoleucine; or
f) L-valine or a salt thereof or a dipeptide or salt thereof, or tripeptide or salt thereof, comprising L-valine.
18 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 17 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 17 , wherein the composition comprises:
a) the leucine amino acid entity is L-leucine or a salt thereof;
b) the arginine amino acid entity is L-arginine or a salt thereof;
c) the glutamine amino acid entity is L-glutamine or a salt thereof; and
d) the NAC entity is NAC or a salt thereof.
19 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 18 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 18 , wherein the composition comprises:
a) the leucine amino acid entity is L-leucine or a salt thereof;
b) the arginine amino acid entity is L-arginine or a salt thereof;
c) the glutamine amino acid entity is L-glutamine or a salt thereof;
d) the NAC entity is NAC or a salt thereof;
e) the isoleucine amino acid entity is L-isoleucine or a salt thereof; and
f) the valine amino acid entity is L-valine or a salt thereof.
20 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 19 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 19 , wherein the composition is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
21 . The method of any of claim 1 , 2 , or 5 - 20 , or composition for use of any of claims 3 - 20 , wherein the composition is formulated as a dietary composition.
22 . The method of claim 21 , or composition for use of claim 21 , wherein the dietary composition is chosen from a medical food, a functional food, or a supplement.