Cooling and flame-retardant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle
The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle including at least one battery, comprising: (i) at least one base oil or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) R F -L-R H (I) in which R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker; and (iii) at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50 and 250° C. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C. for promoting the contact between a fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) and an element of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, when thermal runaway is observed, said fire retardant of formula (I) being formulated in a base oil, or a hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C. Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting at least one battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery in contact with a composition according to the invention.
1. A composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising:
at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.;
at least one fire retardant represented by formula (I)
R F -L-R H (I)
in which,
R F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group,
R H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and
L is a linker; and
at least one fluoro compound having a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the fluoro compound is different from the fire retardant; and
the composition comprises the base oil or the hydrocarbon-based fluid in an amount of greater than or equal to 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a mass ratio of the fire retardant to the fluoro compound of between 0.2 and 200.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises micelles formed by the fire retardant and containing the fluoro compound.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein L is chosen from the following divalent groups: —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, or —PO 4 —.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises between 0.5% and 40% by weight of the fire retardant, relative to the total weight of the composition.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the boiling point of the fluoro compound is between 55° C. and 120° C.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluoro compound is a perfluorinated compound.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluoro compound is chosen from perfluorooctane, perfluorocyclohexane, or mixtures thereof.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises between 0.01% and 20% by weight of the fluoro compound, relative to the total weight of the composition.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the base oil is chosen from synthetic oils, poly-α-olefins, and polyalkylene glycols obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based fluid has a boiling point of between 50° C. and 350° C.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based fluid is totally saturated.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based fluid comprises at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins, relative to the total weight of hydrocarbon-based fluid.
15. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based fluid is obtained via a process of catalytic hydrogenation of a deoxygenated and/or isomerized feedstock of biological origin, at a temperature ranging from 80° C. to 180° C., and at a pressure ranging from 50 bar to 160 bar.
16. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-based fluid comprises from 98% to 100% by weight of isoparaffins, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon-based fluid, and the hydrocarbon-based fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of less than or equal to 5 cSt.
17. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, relative to the total weight of the composition:
from 60% to 97.99% by weight of the base oil or the hydrocarbon-based fluid;
from 2% to 30% by weight of fire retardant; and
from 0.01% to 20% by weight of fluoro compound.
18. A method for promoting the contact between a fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) as defined in claim 1 and an element of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle when thermal runaway is observed, comprising adding at least one fluoro compound having a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C. to a formulation comprising the fire retardant and a base oil or a hydrocarbon-based fluid having a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.
19. A process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising contacting the battery with a composition as defined in claim 1 .
20. The process as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the contacting the battery comprises:
completely or partially immersing the battery in a static or circulating amount of the composition; or
injecting, jetting, misting, or spraying the composition on the battery using pressure or gravity.