Solid-Rocket Propellant Coatings
Coated Al—Li alloys, such as coated particles of Al—Li alloys, are provided. The coated alloys may be used in solid-rocket propellants. Additionally, methods of making such coated alloys, alloys coated with various methods, and solid-rocket propellants comprising such coated alloys are also provided.
1 - 61 . (canceled)
62 . One or more particles of an Al—Li alloy coated with a coating that comprises at least one metal, metalloid, or non-metal.
63 . (canceled)
64 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 62 , wherein the metal, metalloid, or non-metal is present in a molecule in which it is covalently bound to one or more other elements.
65 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 64 , wherein the metal, metalloid, or non-metal is in the form of an oxide, nitride, carbide, halide, or phosphate.
66 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 62 , wherein the coating comprises at least one of aluminum, silicon, boron, hafnium, tin, iron, magnesium, titanium, zirconium and beryllium.
67 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 66 , wherein the coating comprises aluminum, silicon, or both aluminum and silicon.
68 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 62 , wherein the thickness of the coating is from 1 nm to 10 nm.
69 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 62 , wherein the coating that comprises the at least one metal, metalloid, or non-metal is a first coating, and further comprising a second coating disposed over the first coating, wherein the second coating comprises at least one metal, metalloid, or non-metal.
70 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 69 , which comprises one or more particles of Al—Li alloy coated with a first coating comprising aluminum oxide, and which further comprises a second coating comprising silicon oxide disposed over the first coating comprising aluminum oxide.
71 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 70 , which comprises:
a first diffusion layer disposed between the alloy and the aluminum oxide coating and having a composition represented by the formula Li a Al b Si c O d , wherein 0.1<a<0.2, 0.6<b<0.9, 0<c<0.1, and 0.01<d<0.2, and
a second diffusion layer disposed between the aluminum oxide coating and the silicon oxide coating and having a composition represented by formula Li a Al b Si c O d , wherein 0<a<0.05, 0.2<b<0.8, 0.01<c<0.3, and 0.2<d<0.6.
72 . A coated Al—Li alloy particle, which comprises:
an Al—Li alloy particle having a particle size of 0.1 to 200 microns,
a diffusion layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 100 nanometers, and
a coating layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 100 nanometers,
wherein the coating comprises at least one metal, metalloid, or non-metal, and wherein the diffusion layer is disposed between the Al—Li particle and the coating layer.
73 . (canceled)
74 . The coated Al—Li alloy particle of claim 72 , wherein the metal, metalloid, or non-metal is present in a molecule in which it is covalently bound to one or more other elements selected from O, N, C, F, CI, Br, I, P and any combinations of any of these.
75 . The coated Al—Li alloy particle of claim 72 , wherein:
the particle has a composition represented by the formula Li a Al b X c Y d , where a+b+c+d=1, 0.12<a<0.3, 0.7<b<0.88, c=0 and d=0;
the diffusion layer has a composition represented by the formula Li a Al b X c Y d , where a+b+c+d=1, 0.02<a<0.2, 0.1<b<0.6, 0.1<c<0.4, and 0.1<d<0.6; and
the coating layer has a composition represented by the formula Li a Al b X c Y d , where a+b+c+d=1, a=0, b=0, 0.2<c<1, and 0<d<0.86;
wherein X is Ac, Ag, Al, Am, As, At, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bh, Bi, Bk, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cm, Cn, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Db, Ds, Dy, Er, Es, Eu, Fe, Fm, Fr, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, Hs, In, K, La, Li, Lr, Lu, Lv, Mc, Md, Mg, Mn, Mo, Mt, Na, Nb, Nd, Nh, Ni, No, Np, Og, Os, P, Pa, Pb, Pd, Pm, Po, Pr, Pt, Pu, Ra, Rb, Re, Rf, Rg, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sg, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Tc, Te, Th, Ti, TI, Tm, Ts, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr or any combinations of any of these; and
wherein Y is O, N, C, F, CI, Br, I, P or any combinations of any of these.
76 . A solid-rocket propellant comprising the coated Al—Li alloy of claim 62 , an oxidizer, and a binder.
77 . A material comprising:
an Al—Li alloy;
a barrier disposed on the Al—Li alloy; and
a metal oxide disposed on the barrier.
78 - 88 . (canceled)
89 . The coated Al—Li alloy of claim 70 , wherein the first coating comprising aluminum oxide has a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 nanometers, and the second coating comprising silicon oxide has a thickness of 0.1 to 5.0 nanometers.
90 . A solid-rocket propellant comprising the coated Al—Li alloy of claim 72 , an oxidizer, and a binder.
91 . An Al—Li alloy coated with aluminum, or
one or more particles of an Al—Li alloy coated with aluminum, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising an aluminum-coated Al—Li alloy, an oxidizer, and a binder, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising an aluminum-coated Al—Li alloy particle, an oxidizer, and a binder, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising a metal-coated Al—Li alloy particle, an oxidizer, and a binder provided the metal is not iron, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising a metal-coated Al—Li alloy particle, an oxidizer, and a binder wherein the metal is an alloy of iron, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising a non-metal coated Al—Li alloy particle, an oxidizer, and a binder, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising one or more coated Al—Li particles, an oxidizer, and a binder, or
an Al—Li alloy coated with a metal oxide, or
a solid-rocket propellant comprising a metal-oxide-coated Al—Li alloy, an oxidizer, and a binder.