Negative mass for lead-acid battery electrodes and lead-acid battery including same
A blended expander formula for use in the preparation of lead acid battery electrodes is disclosed. The mixture comprises fine particle barium sulfate, a first oxylignin, a second oxylignin, and a carbonaceous material. A method, a negative paste, and a negative electrode including the blended expander mixture are also disclosed. A lead-acid absorbent glass mat battery is further disclosed.
1. A blended expander formula for use in preparation of lead acid battery electrodes, comprising: fine particle barium sulfate with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers for mean D50, a first expander being a first oxylignin having a first molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, a second expander being a second oxylignin having a second molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight with the second molecular weight being different from the first molecular weight, and a carbonaceous material.
2. The blended expander formula of claim 1 , wherein the first oxylignin has a molecular weight in a first range of 1500 to 3500 g/mol.
3. The blended expander formula of claim 1 , wherein the second oxylignin has a molecular weight in a second range of 5000 to 15000 g/mol.
4. The blended expander formula of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a high specific surface area of 80 to 265 m 2 /g and is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, and graphene.
5. The blended expander formula of claim 4 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises two different carbon materials.
6. The blended expander formula of claim 1 , comprising a range of 50-60 percent fine particle barium sulfate, a range of 10-20 percent the first oxylignin, a range of 5-15 percent the second oxylignin, and 12-22 percent the carbonaceous material.
7. The blended expander formula of claim 1 , wherein fine barium sulfate particle size ranges from 0.2-1.1 micrometers.
8. An active material paste for use in a negative electrode of a lead-acid absorbent glass mat battery, comprising: water, leady oxide, polymer fiber, sulfuric acid, and a blend comprising fine particle barium sulfate with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers for mean D50, a first expander being a first oxylignin having a first molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, a second expander being a second oxylignin having a second molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight with the second molecular weight being different from the first molecular weight, and a carbonaceous material.
9. The active material paste of claim 8 , wherein the first oxylignin has a molecular weight in a first range of 1500 to 3500 g/mol, and wherein the second oxylignin has a molecular weight in a second range of 5000 to 15000 g/mol.
10. The active material paste of claim 8 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a high specific surface area and is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, and graphene, and wherein the carbonaceous material comprises two different carbon materials.
11. The active material paste of claim 8 , comprising a range of 50-60 percent fine particle barium sulfate, a range of 10-20 percent the first oxylignin, a range of 5-15 percent the second oxylignin, and 12-22 percent the carbonaceous material.
12. The active material paste of claim 8 , wherein the active material paste has any one or more of the following properties: a density of a negative paste after mixing ranges from 4.0 to 4.8 g/cm3; an active material density ranges from 4.1 to 4.3 g/cm3 after electrochemical formation; and a formed active material a paste porosity ranges from 48% to 53% of volume.
13. A negative electrode for use in a lead-acid absorbent glass mat battery, comprising a current collector and negative paste in contact with the current collector, the negative paste comprising water, leady oxide, polymer fiber, sulfuric acid, and a blend comprising fine particle barium sulfate with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers for mean D50, a first expander being a first oxylignin having a first molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, a second expander being a second oxylignin having a second molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight with the second molecular weight being different from the first molecular weight, and a carbonaceous material.
14. The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the first oxylignin has a molecular weight in a first range of 1500 to 3500 g/mol, and wherein the second oxylignin has a molecular weight in a second range of 5000 to 15000 g/mol.
15. The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a high specific surface area and is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, and graphene, and wherein the carbonaceous material comprises two different carbon materials.
16. The negative electrode of claim 13 , comprising a range of 50-60 percent fine particle barium sulfate, a range of 10-20 percent the first oxylignin, a range of 5-15 percent the second oxylignin, and 12-22 percent the carbonaceous material.
17. A lead-acid battery comprising:
a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments;
one or more cell elements in the one or more compartments, the one or more cell elements comprising:
a positive electrode, the positive electrode having a positive current collector and a positive active material in contact with the positive current collector;
a negative electrode, the negative electrode having a current collector and negative paste in contact with the current collector, the negative paste comprising water, leady oxide, polymer fiber, sulfuric acid, and a blend comprising fine particle barium sulfate, with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers for mean D50, a first expander being a first oxylignin having a first molecular weight, is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight a second expander being a second oxylignin having a second molecular weight is 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, which is different from the first molecular weight, and a carbonaceous material; and
an absorbent glass mat separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
electrolyte within the container; and
one or more terminal posts extending from the container or the cover and electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.
18. A blended expander formula for use in preparation of lead acid battery electrodes, comprising: fine particle barium sulfate with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers for mean D50 at an amount of 0.2 wt % to 0.4 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, a first organic expander comprising a first oxylignin having a first molecular weight between 2,000 g/mol and 3,000 g/mol at an amount of 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight, a second organic expander comprising a second oxylignin having a second molecular weight between 9,000 g/mol and 15,000 g/mol of 0.1 wt % to 0.25 wt % with respect to a leady oxide weight which is different from the first molecular weight, and a carbonaceous material.