Increased MUT coupling efficiency and bandwidth via edge groove, virtual pivots, and free boundaries
Methods for improving the electromechanical coupling coefficient and bandwidth of micromachined ultrasonic transducers, or MUTs, are presented as well as methods of manufacture of the MUTs improved by the presented methods.
1. A micromachined ultrasonic transducer (MUT) comprising:
a diaphragm with substantially free edges that define a diaphragm perimeter;
one or more electrodes;
a substrate; and
one or more anchors coupling the diaphragm to the substrate at locations within the diaphragm perimeter and underneath the diaphragm.
2. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein the MUT is a pMUT comprising a piezoelectric film and the one or more electrodes are electrically coupled to the piezoelectric film.
3. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm comprises a groove.
4. The MUT of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of anchors, wherein one or more of the plurality of anchors are attached to one or more vertical cantilever shells.
5. The MUT of claim 4 , wherein the diaphragm comprises a groove.
6. A micromachined ultrasound transducer (MUT) comprising:
a) a piezoelectric stack comprising a substrate, an insulating layer, a top electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a bottom electrode,
wherein the piezoelectric stack has edge portions and a central portion,
b) a base; and
c) one or more anchors coupling the central portion of the piezoelectric stack to the base, leaving the edge portions of the piezoelectric stack free and the central portion of the piezoelectric stack clamped to the base, the one or more anchors providing an electrical coupling between the base to the piezoelectric stack.
7. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric film is situated on the same side of the diaphragm as the one or more anchors.
8. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric film is situated between the one or more anchors and the diaphragm.
9. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein no portion of the one or more anchors extends past the diaphragm periphery, when viewed from a top-down perspective.
10. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein every one of the one or more anchors has a maximum width that is less than a maximum width of the diaphragm.
11. The MUT of claim 10 , wherein a portion of the one or more anchors extends past the diaphragm periphery, when viewed from a top-down perspective.
12. The MUT of claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm is clamped by a single anchor underneath the diaphragm and at a location at or near the center of the diaphragm.
13. The MUT of claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of conductors, the plurality of conductors comprising (i) a first conductor electrically coupling the top electrode of the piezoelectric stack to the base through a first via through the thickness of the piezoelectric stack and (ii) a second conductor electrically coupling the bottom electrode of the piezoelectric stack to the base through a second via through the thickness of the piezoelectric stack, wherein the first and second vias are disposed between the edge portions and the central portion of the piezoelectric stack.
14. A micromachined ultrasonic transducer (MUT) comprising:
one or more electrodes connected to a piezoelectric layer;
a diaphragm comprising a bottom perimeter edge;
a dielectric layer between the piezoelectric layer and the diaphragm;
a handle substrate; and
an anchor connecting the diaphragm to the handle substrate, the anchor being disposed underneath the diaphragm and creating a gap between the bottom perimeter edge of the diaphragm and the handle substrate.
15. A micromachined ultrasonic transducer (MUT) comprising:
a piezoelectric stack comprising a diaphragm, a top electrode, a bottom electrode, and a piezoelectric layer;
a handle substrate; and
one or more anchors providing an electrical connection between the handle substrate and the piezoelectric stack, the one or more anchors being located between the piezoelectric stack and the handle substrate and coupling the piezoelectric stack to the handle substrate, leaving at least a portion of the perimeter of the piezoelectric stack free.
16. A micromachined ultrasonic transducer comprising a diaphragm, a substrate, one or more electrodes electrically coupled to a piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer being attached to the diaphragm, and an anchor that couples the diaphragm to the substrate along less than an entire periphery of the diaphragm.