Industrial Scale Processes Form a Covalent Bonded Monomer and Graphene Oxide Structures

1 . A method of making a chemisorbed graphene oxide polymer composite comprising the steps of:

placing a monomer and graphene oxide into a ball mill;

milling the monomer with a carbon additive to produce a physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material;

placing the physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material into a polymerization chemical reactor, wherein the physisorbed monomer graphene oxide is converted to chemisorbed monomer graphene oxide by a heat treatment; and

reacting the monomer carbon additive with other monomers or prepolymers to polymerize the materials to form a chemisorbed carbon polymer composite.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide has an oxidation level between 1% and 25% or is a graphene oxide flake having an area-to-thickness ratio of less than 100,000 Å.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon additive is comprised of an oxide of graphite, graphene, carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, or carbon nanowires.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the carbon oxide comprises at least one of: a hydroxide, a peroxide, an epoxide, and a carboxylic; or is graphene oxide.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is a liquid or a solid particle.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is a particle with a particle size greater than 1 μm and less than 500 μm or is a liquid of a viscosity greater than 1 centipoise and less than 10,000 centipoise.

7 . (canceled)

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11 . (canceled)

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment further comprises a catalyst.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst selected from a volatile, fixed, or permanent base chosen from one or more of ammonia, amines, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, and transition metal amino compounds.

14 . (canceled)

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25 . (canceled)

26 . (canceled)

27 . A chemisorbed graphene oxide polymer composite made by a method comprising:

placing a monomer and graphene oxide into a ball mill;

milling the monomer with a carbon additive to produce a physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material;

placing the physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material into a polymerization chemical reactor, wherein the physisorbed monomer graphene oxide is converted to chemisorbed monomer graphene oxide by a heat treatment and, optionally, a catalyst; and

reacting the monomer carbon additive with other monomers or prepolymers to polymerize the materials to form the chemisorbed graphene oxide polymer composite.

28 . A method of making a chemisorbed graphene oxide comprising the steps of:

placing a monomer and graphene oxide into a ball mill;

milling the monomer with a carbon additive to produce a physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material;

converting the physisorbed monomer graphene oxide material into a chemisorbed monomer graphene oxide by a heat treatment.

29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the carbon additive comprises an oxide of graphite, graphene, carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon black or carbon nanowires.

30 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the monomer of is a liquid or a solid particle.

31 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the monomer is a particle with a particle size greater than 1 μm and less than 500 μm or is a liquid of a viscosity greater than 1 centipoise and less than 10,000 centipoise.

32 . (canceled)

33 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the graphene oxide has an oxidation level between 1% and 25% or is a graphene oxide flake having an area-to-thickness ratio of less than 100,000 Å.

34 . (canceled)

35 . (canceled)

36 . The method of claim 28 , wherein the heat treatment further comprises a catalyst.

37 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the catalyst selected from a volatile, fixed, or permanent base chosen from one or more of ammonia, amines, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, and transition metal amino compounds.

38 . (canceled)