Azeotropic compositions of HFO-1234YF and hydrocarbons
Refrigerant compositions including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and at least one of ethane (R-170) or propane (R-290) which exhibit near-azeotropic or azeotrope-like behavior. The refrigerant compositions exhibit a low global warming potential (GWP) and are non-ozone depleting. The refrigerant compositions are useful as a heating or cooling fluids in a variety of heating or cooling systems including heat pumps and other heating and cooling loops, in, for example, the automotive industry.
1. A refrigerant composition comprising:
a refrigerant component,
a stabilizer component, and
an optional lubricating component,
wherein said refrigerant component consists of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and one of ethane (R-170) in an amount of up to 36.5 weight percent or propane (R-290) in an amount of up to 15 weight percent, said stabilizer component comprises greater than 0 and up to 1 wt. % of an HFO terpene stabilizer selected from the group consisting of d-limonene, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, and said optional lubricating component comprises at least one polyol ester (POE), wherein the composition is near-azeotropic over a temperature range between −30° C. to 40° C. with a glide of less than about 0.75 K at temperature of 40° C., soluble in a lubricant at temperatures over the range extending between about −35° C. and about 100° C., and having an ASHRAE 34 Class 2 to 2L rating.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the propane (R-290) is present in an amount of from 1 weight percent up to 15 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the amount of propane (R-290) is from 1 to 10 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant composition is a heat pump fluid.
5. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the amount of propane (R-290) is from 1 to 5 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant composition has a heat capacity between 2% and 22% greater than a heat capacity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) alone.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP less than 10 and an ODP of 0.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP of less than 5.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the refrigerant composition has a temperature glide of less than 0.35 Kelvin (K) at temperature of −30° C. up to 10° C.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant components are 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and ethane (R-170) and.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the ethane (R-170) is present in an amount up to 10 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the ethane (R-170) is present in an amount of from 1 to 7 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the ethane (R-170) is present in an amount up to 5 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the ethane (R-170) is present in an amount up to 1 weight percent based on the total refrigerant composition.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the heat capacity of the refrigerant composition is between 5% and 70% greater than the heat capacity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) alone.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the heat capacity of the refrigerant composition is between 5% and 54% greater than the heat capacity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) alone.
17. The composition of claim 1 , comprising a,-GWP less than 10.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant composition has a temperature glide of less than 3 Kelvin (K) at temperature of −30° C. up to 10° C.
19. The composition of claim 1 :
wherein a ratio of a heat capacity of the refrigerant composition to a heat capacity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) is between 1.05 and 1.50 at the same temperature and pressure.
20. A refrigerant composition comprising:
a refrigerant component consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and propane (R-290) and a stabilizer component comprising at least one terpene in an amount between greater than 0.1 to 1 weight percent to stabilize the HFO-1234yf, wherein the propane (R-290) is present in an amount between 0.1 to 15 weight percent, based on the total refrigerant composition, and the composition has an HOC of <19 KJ/kg.
21. A refrigerant composition comprising:
a refrigerant component consisting of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), propane (R-290); and a stabilizer component selected from one of d-limonene, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, wherein the propane (R-290) is present in an amount between 0.1 to 22 weight percent, based on the total refrigerant composition, and the refrigerant composition has an HOC of <19 KJ/kg and an ANSI/ASHRAE standard 34 class 2L flammability rating.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and propane (R-290) refrigerant composition has a heat capacity between 2% and 22% greater than the heat capacity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) alone.
23. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP of less than 10 and an ODP of 0.
24. The composition of claim 23 , wherein the GWP of the refrigerant composition is less than 5.
25. A heating system or cooling system or reversible cooling system or reversible heating system or a heat pump system with a circulating loop operably connected to and fluidly communicating with, in a serial arrangement:
a condenser;
an evaporator; and
a compressor, the system further comprising each of the condenser, evaporator and compressor, the refrigerant composition of claim 1 being circulated through each of the condenser, evaporator and compressor.
26. The heating or cooling system of claim 25 :
wherein the system is an air conditioner for an automotive system.
27. The heating or cooling system of claim 25 :
wherein the system is an air conditioner for a stationary cooling system.
28. The heating or cooling system of claim 25 :
further comprising a 4-way valve.
29. The heating or cooling system of claim 25 :
wherein the system is a heat pump for an automotive system.
30. The refrigeration system of claim 25 :
wherein the system is heat pump for a stationary heating or cooling system.
31. The refrigeration system of claim 30 :
wherein a temperature glide is less than 1 Kelvin (K).
32. A method comprising circulating the refrigerant composition of claim 1 in a heat pump system, a reversible cooling loop system or an independent heating system or an independent cooling system.
33. A method comprising circulating the refrigerant composition of claim 1 in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), mild hybrids electric vehicles (MHEV), plug-in hybrids electric vehicles (PHEV), or electric vehicle (EV) heat pump systems.
34. A method comprising circulating the refrigerant composition of claim 1 in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), mild hybrids electric vehicles (MHEV), plug-in hybrids electric vehicles (PHEV), or electric vehicle (EV) heat pump systems.
35. A method comprising circulating the refrigerant composition of claim 1 in an HEV, MHEV, PHEV, or EV heat pump system in combination with a vehicle electrical system.
36. A method of charging a refrigerant composition to an automotive system comprising:
providing the composition of claim 1 to an automotive heating or cooling system.
37. A method for servicing an existing refrigerant composition of at on-site automotive recovery, recycle, recharge equipment comprising providing the composition of claim 1 to the equipment.