Illumination device
A device comprising: an illumination device for emitting an illumination beam, the illumination device comprising: an emitter array comprising multiple light emitters; and a meta-structure or micro-prism array comprising multiple transmission areas, the meta-structure of micro-prisms being positioned to receive light emitted from the emitter array, in which light from the meta-structure of micro-prism forms the illumination beam, in which a first one of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a different direction than a second one of said multiple transmission areas.
1. A device comprising:
an illumination device for emitting an illumination beam, the illumination device comprising:
an emitter array comprising multiple light emitters;
and a meta-structure array comprising multiple transmission areas, the meta-structure array being positioned to receive light emitted from the emitter array,
in which light from the meta-structure array forms the illumination beam, in which a first one of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a different direction than a second one of said multiple transmission areas,
in which each meta-structure of the meta-structure array at least partially overlaps multiple corresponding light emitters,
in which each transmission area of the meta-structure array is positioned to receive light from a corresponding subset of the light emitters and to output a corresponding sub-beam of the illumination beam, a first sub-beam output from the first transmission area of the meta-structure array having a different angle of deflection than a second sub-beam output from the second transmission area of the meta-structure array,
in which the first and second transmission areas of the meta-structure array are adjacent to each other and are positioned such that the first sub-beam overlaps with the second sub-beam at the full width at half maximum (FWHM) points of the first and second sub-beams.
2. The device of claim 1 , in which the light emitters comprise vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs).
3. The device of claim 1 , comprising:
a substrate, the emitter array being formed in an emission layer of the substrate; and
an optical layer disposed on the substrate, the meta-structure array being formed in the optical layer.
4. The device of claim 3 , in which the optical layer is disposed on the emission layer of the substrate.
5. The device of claim 3 , in which the optical layer comprises an epitaxial semiconductor.
6. The device of claim 3 , in which the optical layer comprises a polymer film.
7. The device of claim 3 , in which the emission layer is on a first surface of the substrate, and in which the optical layer is disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.
8. The device of claim 7 , in which the substrate is at least partially transparent to the light emitted from the emitter array.
9. The device of claim 3 , in which the optical layer has a refractive index of at least 1.5.
10. The device of claim 1 , in which each light emitter emits a single beam of light, and in which a divergence of the illumination beam is greater than a divergence of each of the single beams of light emitted from the light emitters.
11. The device of claim 10 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam is between about 20° and about 180°.
12. The device of claim 11 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam is between about 60° and about 70°.
13. The device of claim 10 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam in a first direction is different than the divergence of the illumination beam in a second direction.
14. The device of claim 13 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam in the first direction is between about 50° and about 60° and the divergence of the illumination beam in the second direction is between about 60° and about 70°.
15. The device of claim 1 , in which the illumination device comprises an illumination device of a mobile computing device.
16. The device of claim 1 , in which the illumination device comprises a LIDAR device.
17. The device of claim 16 , in which the device comprises a vehicle and the illumination device comprises a LIDAR device for the vehicle.
18. The device of claim 16 , in which the LIDAR device comprises a component of a three-dimensional mapping system.
19. The device of claim 1 , in which each meta-structure of the meta-structure array corresponds to one transmission area of said multiple transmission areas and in which each transmission area of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a single direction and different than any other transmission area of said multiple transmission areas.
20. The device of claim 19 , in which each meta-structure of the meta-structure array at least partially overlaps multiple corresponding light emitters along a width of the respective meta-structure.
21. The device of claim 1 , in which said multiple transmission areas comprises six transmission areas disposed in a rectangular arrangement to output six sub-beams, each sub-beam overlapping adjacent sub-beams at their FWHM point, each sub-beam having a same divergence and each sub-beam having a different angle of deflection determined as a factor of the divergence.
22. The device of claim 1 , in which a third one of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a different direction than the first and the second transmission areas, a third sub-beam output from the third transmission area having a different angle of deflection that the first and second sub-beams, in which the second and third transmission areas of the meta-structure array are adjacent to each other and are positioned such that the second sub-beam overlaps with the third sub-beam at the full width at half maximum (FWHM) points of the second and third sub-beams.
23. The device of claim 22 , in which each transmission area of the multiple transmission areas is configured to output a sub-beam having one of a first, second or third deflection angle, in which the multiple transmission areas are distributed randomly, quasi-randomly, or periodically.
24. A method of making an illumination device, comprising:
forming an emitter array in an emission layer of a substrate, the emitter array comprising multiple light emitters; and
forming an optical layer on the substrate, including forming a meta-structure array in the optical layer, the meta-structure array comprising multiple transmission areas,
in which a first one of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a different direction than a second one of said multiple transmission areas,
in which each meta-structure of the meta-structure array at least partially overlaps multiple corresponding light emitters,
in which each transmission area of the meta-structure array is positioned to receive light from a corresponding subset of the light emitters and to output a corresponding sub-beam of the illumination beam, a first sub-beam output from the first transmission area of the meta-structure array having a different angle of deflection than a second sub-beam output from the second transmission area of the meta-structure array,
in which the first and second transmission areas of the meta-structure array are adjacent to each other and are positioned such that the first sub-beam overlaps with the second sub-beam at the full width at half maximum (FWHM) points of the first and second sub-beams.
25. The method of claim 24 , in which forming the optical layer on the substrate comprises: depositing the optical layer on the substrate; and forming the meta-structure array in the deposited optical layer.
26. The method of claim 25 , in which depositing the optical layer on the substrate comprises depositing a polymer film on the substrate.
27. The method of claim 26 , in which depositing a polymer film on the substrate comprises depositing a polymer film having a refractive index of at least 1.5.
28. The method of claim 24 , in which forming the optical layer on the substrate comprises: epitaxially growing the optical layer on the substrate; and forming the meta-structure array in the epitaxially grown optical layer.
29. The method of claim 24 , in which forming the optical layer on the substrate comprises forming the optical layer on the emission layer of the substrate.
30. The method of claim 24 , in which the emission layer is on a first surface of the substrate, and in which forming the optical layer on the substrate comprises forming the optical layer on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.
31. The method of claim 24 , in which forming the emitter array and the meta-structure array comprise forming the emitter array and the meta-structure array using semiconductor fabrication processes.
32. The method of claim 24 , in which forming the meta-structure array comprises forming the meta-structure array such that each meta-structure of the meta-structure array corresponds to one transmission area of said multiple transmission areas, and each transmission area of said multiple transmission areas is arranged to emit light in a single direction and different than any other transmission area of said multiple transmission areas, and each meta-structure of the meta-structure or array at least partially overlaps multiple corresponding light emitters along a width of the respective meta-structure.
33. A method for producing an illumination beam, comprising:
emitting light from each of multiple light emitters in an emitter array;
at a first meta-structure corresponding to a first region of an array of meta-structures, receiving light from a first subset of the light emitters and outputting a first sub-beam having a first angle of deflection;
at a second meta-structure corresponding to a second region of the array of meta-structures, receiving light from a second subset of the light emitters and outputting a second sub-beam having a second angle of deflection different from the first angle of deflection; and
combining the first sub-beam and the second sub-beam to produce the illumination beam, in which each meta-structure of the meta-structure array at least partially overlaps multiple corresponding light emitters,
in which the first and second regions of the array of meta-structures are adjacent to each other and are positioned such that the first sub-beam overlaps with the second sub-beam at the full width at half maximum (FWHM) points of the first and second sub-beams.
34. The method of claim 33 , in which each light emitter emits a single beam of light, and in which a divergence of the illumination beam is greater than a divergence of each of the single beams of light emitted from the light emitters.
35. The method of claim 34 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam is between about 20° and about 180°.
36. The device of claim 34 , in which the divergence of the illumination beam in a first direction is different than the divergence of the illumination beam in a second direction.
37. The method of claim 33 , in which the illumination beam comprises an illumination beam of a mobile computing device.
38. The method of claim 33 , in which the illumination beam comprises an illumination beam of a LIDAR device.
39. A 3-D imaging system comprising:
an illumination device in accordance with claim 1 , the illumination device being configured to illuminate an object with a pattern of light;
a sensor configured to receive reflected light from the illuminated object; and
one or more computing devices configured to determine a 3-D shape of the object based on the reflected light.
40. The 3-D imaging system of claim 39 , in which the sensor comprises a camera.
41. The 3-D imaging system of claim 39 , in which the one or more computing devices are configured to determine a 3-D mapping of an area based on the reflected light.
42. The 3-D imaging system of claim 39 , in which the one or more computing devices are configured to perform a facial recognition process based on the determined 3-D shape of the object.