Compositions comprising a binder and a powder, and associated methods
The present invention generally relates to compositions comprising a binder and a metal powder, and associated methods. Some compositions provided include a polymer and a metal powder. Some compositions provided include a binder formulation and a metal powder. The binder formulation generally includes a first liquid and a polymer. The binder formulation may be a solution. The polymer may include a nitrogen-containing repeat unit. The metal powder may include a noble metal. Some methods provided include combining a metal powder with a binder formulation. Methods provided include but are not limited to additive manufacturing processes and injection molding processes.
1. A method of fabricating a metal part through additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
depositing a binder formulation onto a powder layer comprising a plurality of metal particles to form a composite layer, wherein the plurality of metal particles comprise particles of a noble metal and/or copper;
curing the composite layer; and
heating the cured composite layer such that at least a portion of the binder formulation is removed from the cured composite layer,
wherein the binder formulation comprises a solution comprising a liquid and a polymer comprising repeat units, wherein the polymer is dissolved in the liquid, and wherein at least 40% of the repeat units of the polymer are nitrogen-containing repeat units.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the depositing step comprises producing a droplet of the binder formulation having a droplet size of between or equal to 0.5 pL and 20 pL, or between or equal to 2 pL and 20 pL, or between or equal to 0.5 pL and 2 pL.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the depositing step comprises producing a droplet of the binder formulation using a piezoelectric print head or thermal print head component.
4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the curing step comprises heating an environment in which the composite layer is positioned to a temperature of between or equal to 120° C. and 220° C.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the step of heating the cured composite layer comprises heating an environment in which the cured composite layer is positioned to a temperature of between or equal to 220° C. and 1200° C.
6. A method as in claim 4 , wherein the step of heating an environment in which the composite layer is positioned is performed in air or in inert gas.
7. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising sintering the cured composite layer to form the metal part.
8. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the heating step and the sintering step are performed in an environment comprising at least 2 wt % hydrogen.
9. A method as in claim 7 , wherein sintering is performed at a temperature of greater than or equal to 750° C. and less than or equal to 1700° C.
10. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the metal part has a relative density of at least 94%.
11. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising depositing a second powder layer on the deposited binder formulation to form the composite layer.
12. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the step of heating the cured composite layer comprises heating an environment in which the cured composite layer is positioned to a temperature of greater than or equal to 220° C. and less than or equal to 300° C. in an oxidative environment.
13. A method as in claim 5 , wherein the step of heating an environment in which the cured composite layer is positioned is performed in a gaseous environment having an oxygen content of at most 10 ppm.
14. A method as in claim 7 , wherein sintering is performed at a temperature of at most 850° C.
15. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-containing repeat units comprise a repeat unit of a polypeptide, a protein, a polyacrylamide, or a glycosaminoglycan.
16. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and/or N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA).
17. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metal particles comprise particles of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, and/or gold.
18. A method as in claim 17 , wherein the noble metal comprises gold, silver, and/or platinum.
19. A method as in claim 17 , wherein the noble metal comprises silver.
20. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of metal particles comprise copper particles.
21. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises water.