Solid oxide electrochemical system having integrated heating means
An electrochemical system includes an electrochemical device having a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1. The electrochemical system also includes at least n−1 interconnection plates which are interposed between the electrochemical cells, and means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gas produced by the electrochemical cells. The electrochemical system further includes means for electrically connecting the system to the outside. The electrochemical device also includes heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means comprising electrical conductors housed in the clamping plates.
1. An electrochemical system having at least one electrochemical device comprising:
a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and at least n−1 interconnect plates interposed between the electrochemical cells,
means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gases produced by the electrochemical cells,
means for electrically connecting the system to the exterior,
heating means using Joule effect, the heating means being inserted into at least one heating plate, and the at least one heating plate being disposed on the stack,
two clamping plates each disposed at one end of the stack in a direction of the stack, the at least two clamping plates being a distinct element from the stack, and
tie rods passing through the clamping plates configured to apply a clamping force to the n cells and n−1 interconnects, wherein
the heating means are disposed so that heating of the stack takes place through at least part of at least one clamping plate, and
the at least one heating plate is in contact with an external face of the at least one clamping plate, the at least one heating plate being in contact with the external face of said at least one clamping plate and the at least one clamping plate being two distinct elements.
2. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the n electrochemical cells include a transverse cross-sectional area S taken along a direction perpendicular to the direction of the stack and wherein the heating means define a heating surface area at least equal to the transverse cross-sectional area S of the electrochemical cells.
3. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating means comprise at least one electrical conductor housed in the at least one heating plate.
4. The electrochemical system according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one heating plate includes a recess formed in a larger surface area face in which the electrical conductor is housed, the conductor being kept stationary in the recess, or wherein the at least one heating plate includes a machined groove into which the electrical conductor is forced.
5. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating means comprises at least one electrical heating element mounted in a bore of said heating plate.
6. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one heating plate comprises temperature measuring means.
7. The electrochemical system according to claim 6 , wherein the temperature measuring means comprise a sensor configured to measure temperatures of an electrical conductor housed in the heating plate or an electrical heating element mounted in the heating plate, and a sensor configured to measure a temperature of the heating plate.
8. The electrochemical system according to claim 1 , comprising a thermally insulating enclosure defining an internal space receiving the electrochemical device and thermally insulating the electrochemical device from the exterior.
9. The electrochemical system according to claim 8 , wherein the enclosure comprises a hearth, a side wall and an upper wall and wherein the electrical connection means, gas supply means, and gas collection means pass through the hearth.
10. The electrochemical system according to claim 4 , the conductor is kept stationary in the recess by a solder.
11. The electrochemical system according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one electrical heating element is mounted in a bore in a side edge of said heating plate.
12. An electrochemical system having at least one electrochemical device comprising:
a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and at least n−1 interconnect plates interposed between the electrochemical cells,
means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gases produced by the electrochemical cells,
means for electrically connecting the system to the exterior,
heating means using Joule effect,
two clamping plates each disposed as an outermost plate in the device at one end of the stack in a direction of the stack, each of the two clamping plates being a distinct element from the stack, and
tie rods passing through the clamping plates configured to apply a clamping force to the n cells and n−1 interconnects, wherein
the heating means are disposed so that heating of the stack takes place through at least part of at least one clamping plate, and
the clamping plates include a recess formed in a face of the clamping plates, and
the heating means comprises an electrical wire disposed in the recess.
13. The electrochemical system according to claim 12 , wherein the electrical wire is fixed in the recess using solder.
14. The electrochemical system according to claim 13 , wherein the electrical wire is disposed in a bottom of the recess and the solder fills the recess and covers the electrical wire.
15. The electrochemical system according to claim 13 , wherein the solder is made of a same material as that of the clamping plate.
16. The electrochemical system according to claim 12 , wherein the face is perpendicular to the direction of the stack.
17. An electrochemical system having at least one electrochemical device comprising:
a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and at least n−1 interconnect plates interposed between the electrochemical cells and end plates respectively disposed on each end of the stack as an outermost plate of the stack,
means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gases produced by the electrochemical cells,
means for electrically connecting the system to the exterior,
heating means using Joule effect,
two clamping plates each disposed on the stack facing one of the end plates with at least one plate being disposed between one of the end plates and one of the clamping plates, the two clamping plates each being a distinct element from the stack, and
tie rods passing through the clamping plates configured to apply a clamping force to the n cells and n−1 interconnects, wherein
the heating means are disposed so that heating of the stack takes place through at least part of at least one clamping plate, and
the clamping plates include a recess formed in a face of the clamping plates, and
the heating means comprises an electrical wire disposed in the recess.